BACKGROUND Ectopic pregnancy (EP) remains the most life-threatening acute condition in modern gynaecology. It remains difficult to diagnose early and accurately. Women often present at emergency departments in early pregnancy with a 'pregnancy of unknown location' (PUL) and diagnosis/exclusion of EP is challenging due to a lack of reliable biomarkers. Recent studies suggest that serum levels of...

While exploding trucks and collapsing buildings are rare occurrences in everyday life, they are frequently depicted in films, video games, and training simulations. Filming such effects in the real world can be dangerous and obtaining a specific outcome is often difficult. Consequently, such effects are increasingly generated through physical simulations where initial conditions and parameters ...

I n The Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, Adam Smith famously argued that economic behavior was motivated by self-interest. But 17 years earlier in 1759, Smith had proposed a theory of human behavior that looks anything but selfinterested. In his first book, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith argued that behavior was determined by the struggle between what Smith termed the “passions” and...

GAs, which are powerful stochastic optimization techniques are perhaps the most widely known types of evolutionary algorithms. In this paper the Adam-Eve (Like) GA has been considered and its performance has been studied. The basic idea of GAs has been taken from nature; therefore it is reasonable if we expect an improvement in our model of GA, because it is much closer to the evolution of orga...

The fourth member of Ca2+-dependent mammalian secretory subtilase, PC4 (proprotein convertase 4), is primarily expressed in testicular germ cell and ovarian macrophage. Its role in sperm fertilization and in early embryonic development has been demonstrated earlier through several studies, including those with PC4 null mice. A number of physiological substrates found in reproductive tissues hav...

Several recently proposed stochastic optimization methods that have been successfully used in training deep networks such as RMSPROP, ADAM, ADADELTA, NADAM are based on using gradient updates scaled by square roots of exponential moving averages of squared past gradients. In many applications, e.g. learning with large output spaces, it has been empirically observed that these algorithms fail to...