ATP is released during hypoxia from the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and activates purinergic P2 receptors (P2Rs) at unknown loci to offset the secondary hypoxic depression of breathing. In this study, we used rhythmically active medullary slices from neonatal rat to map, in relation to anatomical and molecular markers of the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) (a proposed site of rhythm generation)...

The biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine in rat liver microsomal preparations catalysed by CDP-choline-1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2) was inhibited by a combination of ATP and CoA or ATP and pantetheine. ATP alone at high concentrations (20 mM) inhibits phosphatidylcholine formation to the extent of 70%. In the presence of 0.1 mM-CoA, ATP (2 mM) inhibits to the extent ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the metabolism of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in skeletal muscle resistance arterioles and to determine whether this metabolism is altered during the rapid growth phase of the rat. We attempted to quantify ATP metabolism in gastrocnemius first-order arterioles from 8-, 10-, and 12-week-old rats. We measured ATP metabolism using an ATPase/GTPase assa...

Soil microorganisms are key drivers of soil biochemical processes, but the resilience microbial communities and their metabolic activity after an extreme environmental change is still largely unknown. We studied structural (bacterial fungal communities) functional responses (soil respiration, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, hydrolase activities involved in mineralization organic C, N, P S...

SUBJECT We evaluated the efficacy for concomitant use of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and cardioplegic arrest with adenosine premedication on myocardial protection. METHODS Twenty-one pigs were divided into three groups: 1) control group, 2) IPC group which had IPC, 3) IPC+adenosine triphosphate (ATP) group which had an administration of 140 gamma of ATP (Adetphos, Kowa, Tokyo, Japan) durin...

Low concentrations of either adenosine or adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) inhibited the nicotinically induced release of [3H]acetylcholine from synaptosomes derived from the guinea-pig ileum myenteric plexus. Adenosine and ATP were equipotent in their ability to inhibit the release and the inhibition was reversible by theophylline in both cases. The data suggest that ATP may have acted after in...

Although several enzymatic reactions are now known in which activation of a carboxyl group is associated with cleavage of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), the mechanisms of these are not yet understood. Perhaps the most extensively studied enzyme of this group is that which catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamic acid and ammon...

Cadmium is a toxic transition heavy metal with perilous effects on the health of animals and humans by indefinite ways. It one asserted carcinogens group given IARC. There are jillion ways which cadmium may be prevalent in environment as pollutant or through contaminated water, food smoking. poisoning seen form itai disease. came knowledge after its outbreak Japan 1960s consumption cadmium-cont...

In order to determine the effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine in cardioplegic solutions, a comparative study has been undertaken in isolated guinea pig hearts using the Langendorff perfusion technique as a model of cardiopulmonary bypass. The hearts (n = 10 in each group) previously being perfused by Krebs-Henseleit solution, were arrested by one of the following cardioplegic s...

the objective of the present study was to investigate the role of nanocarrier of magnetic isotope of 25-mg2+ (pmc16) in liver toxicity, atp content and oxidative stress due to malathion (mal) exposure. pmc16 nanoparticle were administered in different doses (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ld50) intravenously (iv) 40 minutes after a single mal (0.25 ld50= 207 mg/kg) intraperitoneal (ip) injection as a comple...