The kinds of muscle fibre that are recruited for sustained force production by different vertebrates are described. Although aerobic metabolism always accounts for a significant proportion of their ATP turnover, no single characteristic such as colour, number and form of motor endplates, membrane properties, myosin isotype or contraction speed is diagnostic of such muscles. As mechanical power ...

The energetics of 2 field tests that reflect physical performance in intermittent sports (i.e., the Interval Shuttle Sprint Test [ISST] and the Interval Shuttle Run Test [ISRT]) were examined in 21 women field hockey players. The ISST required the players to perform 10 shuttle sprints starting every 20 seconds. During the ISRT, players alternately ran 20-m shuttles for 30 seconds and walked for...

This study examined the changes in body composition, maximum aerobic power (Vo2max) and maximum anaerobic power in seven Australian international women lacrosse players during a 3-month pre-season conditioning program. Monthly tests were conducted and the data were analyzed by an ANOVA repeated measures design and subjected to a polynomial orthogonal test of trend in the event of a significant ...

Research demonstrates a positive effect of aerobic exercise on cognitive functioning in older adults. Unfortunately, aerobic exercise is often contraindicated for older adults due to cardiovascular and functional limitations. Low-intensity strengthening exercise may offer a practical alternative, but the neuropsychological benefits and potential neurophysiological mechanisms are less well under...

This study compared the difference in microbial community and power generation capacity of air-cathode MFCs enriched under anode aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Results showed that MFCs successfully started with continuous air inputting to anode chamber. The aerobic enriched MFC produced comparable and even more electricity with the fuels of acetate, glucose and ethanol compared to the anaero...

Maximum aerobic power (VO2 max), maximum anaerobic power (AP max), submaximal exercise heart rate (HRsub), and performance times for distances of 15m, 600 m, 3.22 km, and 10 km were evaluated in 12 male runners prior to and after 7 weeks of a running programme at each individual's maximum steady-state (MSS) pace. MSS pace, a running speed at which blood lactate is believed to equal 2.2 mmol . l...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the physiological and anthropometric characteristics of amateur rugby league players. METHODS Thirty five amateur rugby league players (19 forwards and 16 backs) were measured for height, body mass, percentage body fat (sum of four skinfolds), muscular power (vertical jump), speed (10 m and 40 m sprint), and maximal aerobic power (multistage fitness test). Data were ...

Fitness studies have usually been limited to a few variables, for example, aerobic power by oxygen uptake (Saltin and Astrand, 1967) and anaerobic power (Margaria et al, 1966). More recently, fibre typing from muscle biopsy samples has been employed. (Gollnick et al, 1972). In broader perspective fitness is multifaceted and fitness requirements are sports specific so that univariate analysis ha...

Fitness studies have usually been limited to a few variables, for example, aerobic power by oxygen uptake (Saltin and Astrand, 1967) and anaerobic power (Margaria et al, 1966). More recently, fibre typing from muscle biopsy samples has been employed. (Gollnick et al, 1972). In broader perspective fitness is multifaceted and fitness requirements are sports specific so that univariate analysis ha...

The biology and medicine of rowing are brieXy reviewed. EVort in a 2000-m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also in...