As a result of COVID-19, the last few weeks have necessitated reevaluation sedation paradigm for gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures. Routine screening and some surveillance procedures taken backseat likely to remain so until vaccine or effective treatment becomes available. Anesthesia providers endoscopists are required adapt this new reality rapidly. The general aim remains same-patie...

The purpose of this presentation is to describe a parallel piped oxygen and piped compressed air system for use in inhalation therapy, in patients with chronic pulmonary disease. Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) with nebulized bronchodilator has been utilized widely in the treatment of conditions associated with disturbances in respiration. Subjective benefits and functional impr...

Almost 90% of the Trinidad strain of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus survived for 1 hr after aerosolization into a dark environment at 30% relative humidity (RH), and 78% survived for 1 hr at 60% RH. After exposure to simulated solar radiation (584 mcal per cm(2) per min) 0.02% of the aerosolized virus survived for 1 hr at 30% RH and 0.006% survived for 1 hr at 60% RH. When 1.0 ...

In recent years, co-milling of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with excipients is being investigated as a promising technique to improve desired properties such as solubility and dissolution profiles, bioavailability, aerosolization and physical stability. Traditionally, excipients are simply blended into a drug formulation to improve the manufacturability or product quality, e.g. to i...

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) offer distinct advantages as a means of pulmonary drug delivery and have attracted much attention in the field of pharmaceutical science. DPIs commonly contain micronized drug particles which, because of their cohesiveness and strong propensity to aggregate, have poor aerosolization performance. Thus carriers with a larger particle size are added to address this probl...

An outbreak of Q fever occurred in South Wales, United Kingdom, from July 15 through September 30, 2002. To investigate the outbreak a cohort and nested case-control study of persons who had worked at a cardboard manufacturing plant was conducted. The cohort included 282 employees and subcontractors, of whom 253 (90%) provided blood samples and 214 (76%) completed questionnaires. Ninety-five ca...

A majority of the Mycobacterium species, called the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), are natural inhabitants of natural waters, engineered water systems, and soils. As a consequence of their ubiquitous distribution, humans are surrounded by these opportunistic pathogens. A cardinal feature of mycobacterial cells is the presence of a hydrophobic, lipid-rich outer membrane. The hydrophobicity o...

Junín virus, the etiological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, causes significant morbidity and mortality. The virus is spread through the aerosolization of host rodent excreta and endemic to the humid pampas of Argentina. Recently, significant progress has been achieved with the development of new technologies (e.g. reverse genetics) that have expanded knowledge about the pathogenesis and ...