NOTE: apologies for the somewhat misleading title. This paper, a follow up to one presented at a History Workshop conference at Wits a few years ago, looks more at the outcome of these struggles than the process of struggle during the 1970s itself. In that earlier paper I argued that between 1973 and 1980 Black workers proved able to use the feeble state reformist structures in a changing indus...

Self-regulation of the professions of nursing and midwifery became a reality in South Africa on 8 November 1944, when the first council meeting of the South African Nursing C ouncil took p lace in P re to ria . M ost appropriately, the opening speaker on this occasion was Mr Harry Gordon Lawrence, the Minister of Welfare and Demobilization, who had piloted the Nursing Act, No.45 of 1944, throug...

I am happy to welcome you once again at our annual event, where over the last five years I have shared my views on a number of issues of economic nature. This evening, I am going to share with you my views on the prospects for a monetary union in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). This topic is by no means new and it has been discussed by various speakers on various occasions. H...

This study improves the African Regional Integration Index (ARII) proposed by Union, Development Bank, and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa providing a theoretical framework addressing shortcomings related to weighting aggregation of indicator. article measures monetary integration in eight Communities (RECs) constructing an Monetary (IAMI). It proposes optimal currency area as use...

Introduction: Over the past fifteen years, there has been a dramatic rise in the number and range of regional or preferential trade agreements (PTAs). 1 There is evidence to suggest that market driven regional trading blocs are emerging in the European neighbourhood, the Americas and East Asia. The US is actively pursuing FTA in the Americas and East and South-East Asia. The European Union (EU)...

The African contribution to the global climate-carbon cycle feedback of the 21st century P. Friedlingstein, P. Cadule, S. L. Piao, P. Ciais, and S. Sitch IPSL/LSCE, UMR 1572 CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, L’Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France IPSL, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France Department of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Met Office, Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction a...

Abstract This study investigated the influence of regional economic integration (REI) on poverty reduction and revenue distribution in West African Economic Monetary Union (WAEMU) over period 1994–2018. The second generation panel unit root tests Westerlund cointegration test were employed for preliminary analysis. elasticities variables using Pooled Mean Group (PMG) approach. results showed th...

zār is the term used to describe a form of spirit possession common in northern african, eastern african, and some middle-eastern societies. although these regions share some cultural similarities arising from their history of slavery, in these places, zār varies in prevalence, clinical characteristics, and social context. based on a selective review of the literature, this paper looks at the p...

Southern Africa is characterized by a large number of international river basins, inherent climatic variability, and a natural maldistribution of perennial rivers. The region also has a history of political instability, driven by liberation struggles against the former colonial powers and the Cold War. Southern Africa’s transboundary rivers and their associated ecosystems could become either dr...