The method of FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching), which has been broadly used to measure lateral mobility of fluorescent-labeled molecules in cell membranes, is formulated here in terms of continuous time random walks (CTRWs), which offer both analytical expressions and a scheme for numerical simulations. We propose an approach based on the CTRW and the corresponding fractional d...

Christian Frei and Boi Faltings !!! add aaliation at bottom (are with) !!!

Cellular membranes contain a variety of shapes that likely act as motifs for sorting lipids and proteins. To understand the sorting that takes place within cells, a continuous, fluid bilayer with regions of membrane curvature was designed and characterized using confocal fluorescence and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy techniques. A supported lipid bilayer was formed over fluo...

Reviewer's report: The authors have made significant improvements to the manuscript and with some editorial changes I think it is acceptable for publication. In general they have eliminated the assumption for which they have no direct data – that maternal request must be driving the differences in rates. They occasionally slip back into that language as noted below and that is where I would urg...

U1-70K, a U1 snRNP-specific protein, and serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins are components of the spliceosome and play critical roles in both constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing. However, the mobility properties of U1-70K, its in vivo interaction with SR proteins, and the mobility of the U1-70K-SR protein complex have not been studied in any system. Here, we studied the in vivo inter...

Diffusive processes on nonplanar substrates are deeply relevant for cellular function and transport and increasingly used to probe and characterize the behavior of proteins in membranes. We present analytical and numerical analyses of in-plane diffusion of discrete particles on curved geometries reflecting various generic motifs in biology and explore, in particular, the effect that the shape o...

OBJECTIVE To determine if power Doppler ultrasound examination of the endometrium can contribute to a correct diagnosis of endometrial malignancy in women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrium > or = 5 mm. METHODS Eighty-three women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrium > or = 5 mm underwent gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound examination using predetermined, standardized se...

Calmodulin (CaM) plays a key role in synaptic function and plasticity due to its ability to mediate Ca(2+) signaling. Therefore, it is essential to understand the dynamics of CaM at dendritic spines. In this study we have explored CaM dynamics using live-cell confocal microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to study CaM diffusion. We find that only a small fraction of C...

In this paper uses Kaname Akamatsu's 'Flying Geese' model to analyse Japan's role in East Asian integration. Japan made the first attempt to lead Asian countries before the Second World War. At that time, the Japanese Government embarked on a brutally expansionist policy the result of which was creation of the first gaggle of 'flying geese' under the name of the 'Greater East Asia CoProsperity ...

Cervical cancer is among the common gynecologic malignancies effective and well developed cytologic screening programs are not available in developing countries. This study is to compare screening and diagnostic culposcopy. In a prospective cross-sectional study 2235 screening and 2318 diagnostic colposcopies were compared. Diagnostic colposcopy indications included chronic vaginal discharge, a...