Internet shopping is becoming the fastest-growing use of the Internet; however, some online consumers still take information gathered online to make purchases offline. A number of researchers attribute consumers’ reluctance to purchase online to perceived risk. This study investigates differences in perceived risk between online shoppers in the UK and China examining six types of perceived risk...

Abstract In this paper, we study the tail risk measures for several commonly used multivariate aggregate loss models where claim frequencies are dependent but sizes mutually independent and of frequencies. We first develop formulas moment (or size biased) transforms losses, showing their relationship with sizes. Then, apply to compute some popular such as conditional expectation variance aggreg...

different industrial decision makers and managers in our country, try to select and organize locations for aggregating industrial units, estates and areas with respect to land use planning visions and industrial development strategies. in this regard, considering large quantity of the input data and diverse criteria affecting this application, it is complicated and difficult to optimally make d...