Insight on wave regimes along the world’s coastlines is important for virtually all coastal and nearshore marine activities, installations, planning protection. Waves are pervasive dominant source of energy driving extreme sea levels, transport pollutants sediments, erosion, a major contributor to risks flooding. We quantify global spatio-temporal conditions coasts evaluate needs Earth Observat...

The NBS Boulder Laboratory has recently completed installation of a 6.1 meter Ku-band (14/12 GHz) satellite earth station and has acquired two 1.8 meter portable earth terminals and commercial spreadspectrum modems. This equipment was procured for the purpose of doing two-way time transfer experiments in collaboration with other timekeeping laboratories. Each portable earth terminal, often call...

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are used for public networking and for scientific purposes. Communication via satellite begins when the satellite is positioned in its orbital position. Ground stations can communicate with LEO satellites only when the satellite is in their visibility region. The duration of the visibility and the communication vary for each LEO satellite pass over the station, ...

This paper presents the deep understanding to Earth system, including its energy, agriculture, natural resources, ecosystems, geodynamics, and natural and human-induced hazards, atmosphere, weather, climate, water, oceans, land,. At present, researchers and developers have endeavored to develop the global earth observation system of systems (GEOSS) and web-based (future) intelligent earth obser...

Because of the conservation of mass, the divergence of the moisture transport integrated over the depth of the atmosphere should balance the fresh water flux (evaporation-precipitation) at the surface. Monitoring these two terms is critical to the characterization of the hydrological cycle and climate change. Direct in situ measurements of moisture transport, evaporation, and precipitation are ...