Several bulk model–based entrainment parameterizations for the atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL) with wind shear are reviewed and tested against large-eddy simulation (LES) data to evaluate their ability to model one of the basic integral parameters of convective entrainment—the entrainment flux ratio. Test results indicate that many of these parameterizations fail to correctly reprod...

[1] Different turbulent entrainment‐mixing processes (e.g., homogeneous and inhomogeneous) occur in clouds; accurate representation of these processes is critical for improving cloud‐related parameterizations in large‐scale models, but poorly understood and quantified. Using in situ aircraft observations over the U. S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plai...

Air entrainment is commonly used to improve the durability of concrete materials exposed to freezing and thawing. While the influence of air voids on freeze/thaw damage and salt scaling is frequently studied, the influence of entrained air voids on ionic transport has been studied less frequently. Since ionic transport in concrete materials relies on pore fluid as the medium of conduction, only...

During the course of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, patients are at constant risk of exposure to air emboli. Air emboli may enter the circuit during routine lab sampling, medication administration, air entrainment through the venous cannula, or via a circuit disruption. Circuit components have been designed and positioned to minimize the quantity of air that travels through the arterial l...

Low resistive particulate matter (PM) generated from marine engines or diesel generators has been known to be difficult to collect by the conventional electrostatic precipitators (ESP). In the present study, the double-cylinder type ESP (DC ESP) was developed to remove low resistive diesel exhaust particles. Two ESPs, namely, the conventional singlecylinder type ESP (SC ESP ) and DC ESP were in...

Fred Keller Split Systems Director The National Appliance Energy Conservation Act has established a minimum efficiency of 10 SEER for residential split system air conditioners and heat pumps. Approximately 50% of residential split system air conditioners are sold as replacements for units having much lower SEER levels, typically 5-9 Btu/W·h. This investigation assessed the detrimental affects t...

Neurospora crassa has been systematically investigated for circadian entrainment behavior. Many aspects of synchronization can be investigated in this simple, cellular system, ranging from systematic entrainment and drivenness to masking. Clock gene expression during entrainment and entrainment without clock genes suggest that the known transcription/translation feedback loop is not alone respo...