Local airway water loss is the main physiological trigger for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Our aim was to investigate the effects of whole body water loss on airway responsiveness and pulmonary function in athletes with mild asthma and/or EIB. Ten recreational athletes with a medical diagnosis of mild asthma and/or EIB completed a randomized, crossover study. Pulmonary function t...

hongping Chen niversity of California—Irvine eckman Laser Institute Abstract. Optical coherence tomography OCT is a micron scale high-resolution optical technology that can provide real-time in vivo images noninvasively. The ability to detect airway mucosal and submucosal injury rapidly will be valuable for a range of pulmonary applications including assessment of acute inhalation smoke and bur...

OM, or inflammation of the middle ear, is a highly prevalent infection in children worldwide. OM is a multifactorial disease with multiple risk factors, including preceding or concurrent viral URT infection. Hence, OM is also a polymicrobial disease. The mechanisms by which viruses predispose to bacterial OM are replete; however, all are predicated on the general principle of compromise of prim...

The large airways can be affected by a wide spectrum of acquired benign and malignant diseases. These lesions may present as focal or diffuse processes and with narrowing or widening of the airway. Some of these may be asymptomatic for quite some time and may be incidentally detected on imaging, while others may be symptomatic, causing airway compromise. There may be a characteristic radiograph...

OBJECTIVE Plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) are complex, benign nerve sheath tumors that occur in approximately 25%-50% of individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). PNs that cause airway compromise or pulmonary dysfunction are uncommon but clinically important. Because improvement in sleep quality or airway function represents direct clinical benefit, measures of sleep and pulmonary function...

OBJECTIVE To review the steps involved in safe airway management in critically ill children. SOURCE OF DATA Review of articles selected through Medline until April 2003 using the following key words: intubation, children, sedation. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS Airway compromise is rare, but whenever it occurs, the situation depends on professionals trained to carry out safe, early, and rapid air...

A previous report suggested that airway compromise without self-correction may occur in pediatric dental patients sedated with chloral hydrate (CH) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and may be interpreted as "deep" sedation. The purpose of this institutionally approved study was to determine 1) the association between the size of the tonsils and 2) the degree of expired carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen sa...

BACKGROUND Management of the airway is difficult in patients with pharyngeal or laryngeal pathology caused by malignancy, extensive surgery, or radiotherapy scarring, particularly when undergoing pharyngolaryngeal surgery. Tracheal intubation, with or without fibreoptic guidance, is often impractical because of the severe glottic stenosis and primary tracheostomy under local anaesthesia has bee...

Editor—We read with interest the article on transtracheal jet ventilation (TTJV) in patients with severe airway compromise by Ross-Anderson and colleagues. We agree with the authors regarding the enormous value of the pause pressure protection offered by automated jet ventilators in the elective setting. Protection from barotrauma is just as important in the emergency obstructed airway. The Ven...

OBJECTIVE To examine the feasibility of using expiratory capnography as an indicator of airway obstruction in non-intubated resuscitation room patients. METHODS Patients with potential respiratory compromise admitted to the resuscitation room were assessed for widespread expiratory wheeze. This was taken as clinical evidence of airways obstruction. Expiratory capnograms of these patients and ...