The receptor tyrosine kinase human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is known to regulate pulmonary epithelial barrier function; however, the mechanisms behind this effect remain unidentified. We hypothesized that HER2 signaling alters the epithelial barrier through an interaction with the adherens junction (AJ) protein β-catenin, leading to dissolution of the AJ. In quiescent pulmonary...

Let 0 < 2 and let def = ei : 2 [ ; ] . We show that for generalized (non–negative) polynomials P of degree r and p > 0, we have m X j=1 jP (aj)j aj e aj e + pr + 1 2!1=2 c (pr + 1) Z P e p d ; where a1; a2; :::; am 2 , c is an absolute constant (and, thus, it is independent of , , p, m, r, P , fajg) and is an explicitly determined constant which measures the number of points fajg in a small int...

Let G be a multidigraph with vertices V (G) and arcs A(G). G is balanced if d+G(v) = d − G(v) for every v ∈ V (G). Let ri, rj be the number of cycles in G that include ai, aj ∈ A(G) respectively, and ri ≥ rj. Local quality index of G is defined as the largest ratio ri rj for opposite arcs ai, aj . Global quality index of G is defined as the largest ratio ri rj for distinct arcs ai, aj . In this...

3. Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Lubchenco J, Melillo JM. Human domination of Earth’s ecosystems. Science. 1997;277:494–499. 4. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2000: Third Assessment Report, Volume 2: Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 2001. 5. McMichael AJ. Human Frontiers, Environments and Disease: Past Patterns, Uncertai...

The affine synthesis operator Sc = ∑j>0 ∑k∈Zd cj,kψj,k is shown to map the coefficient space (Z+ × Zd ) surjectively onto Lp(Rd ), for p ∈ (0, 1]. Here ψj,k(x) = | det aj |ψ(aj x − k) for dilation matrices aj that expand, and the synthesizer ψ ∈ Lp(Rd ) need satisfy only mild restrictions, for example, ψ ∈ L1(Rd ) with nonzero integral or else with periodization that is real-valued, nontrivial ...

Under conditions of homeostasis, dynamic changes in the length of individual adherens junctions (AJs) provide epithelia with the fluidity required to maintain tissue integrity in the face of intrinsic and extrinsic forces. While the contribution of AJ remodeling to developmental morphogenesis has been intensively studied, less is known about AJ dynamics in other circumstances. Here, we study AJ...

The non-linear relation between electric polarization and electric field strength is achieved through introducing the retarded electromagnetic interactions between classical charge particles. The result agrees with the phenomenological theory in current non-linear optics, means that the non-linear phenomena in optics come from the retarded electromagnetic interaction between charged particles. ...

Let VZu+k2u+k2a~(z)u+V.(a~(~)Vu) = -6(cc-y) inR3, where al(z) EL’(D), a&) E H’(D), D E R3_ = {z : 13 < 0) is a finite region, aj(Z) = 0 outside of D, j = 1,2, 1 + 02 > 0, al = El. Assume that thedatau(l,y,k),V~,yEP={I:13=0}8ndallkE(O,ko),ko>O is an arbitrary small number, are given. THEOREM. The above data determine aj(z), j = 1,2, uniquely.

BACKGROUND By acting as a dynamic link between adjacent cells in a monolayer, adherens junctions (AJs) maintain the integrity of epithelial tissues while allowing for neighbor exchange. Although it is not currently understood how this combination of AJ stability and plasticity is achieved, junctionally associated actin filaments are likely to play a role, because actin-based structures have bee...