BACKGROUND Biodiesel is a mixture of fatty acid short-chain alkyl esters of different fatty acid carbon chain lengths. However, while fatty acid methyl or ethyl esters are useful biodiesel produced commercially, fatty acid esters with branched-chain alcohol moieties have superior fuel properties. Crucially, this includes improved cold flow characteristics, as one of the major problems associate...

An account of our studies on the metabolic fate of toluene, ethyl-, i8opropyland tert.-butyl-benzenes has been given in earlier papers (Smith, Smithies & Williams, 1954a, b, c; Robinson, Smith & Williams, 1955; Robinson & Williams, 1955). The present paper deals with n-propyland n-butyl-benzenes. These two compounds were previously studied by Thierfelder & Klenk (1924), who showed that npropylb...

The first remarkable property associated to metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) was their chemical “inertness”, which made and make them very attractive as stable durable industrial dyes. Nevertheless, rich redox chemistry also explored in the last decades, making available a solid detailed knowledge background for further studies on suitability of MPcs catalysts. An overlook catalytic activity with ...

Simple, secondary 2,4,6-triisopropyl benzoates (TIB esters) and secondary dialkyl N,N-diisopropyl carbamates have been reported to be resistant to deprotonation by strong bases. We have found that the combination of sBuLi (1.6 equiv) and TMEDA (6 equiv) in CPME at -60 °C enables deprotonation of unactivated secondary dialkyl TIB esters, but not the carbamates. These carbanions were reacted with...

In this paper, the chiral surfactants bearing two long alkyl chains with hydroxyl groups at their terminals were synthesized and employed to encapsulate a catalytically efficient polyoxometalate through electrostatic interaction. The obtained chiral surfactant-encapsulated polyoxometalate complexes, in which a defined chiral microenvironment surrounds the inorganic cluster, were covalently immo...

The effect of long chain alcohols (5 mol% CnOH for n = 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16) on the micellar stability of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions (SDS concentration ranging from 25 to 200 mM) was investigated and related to foaming properties, such as foamability, dynamic and equilibrium surface tension, and surface viscosity. The slow micellar relaxation time tau2, which is directly related to...