Hybridization of fuel cells with additional batteries or ultracapacitors in a fuel cell vehicle reduces electrical and mechanical stresses on fuel cells and improves the overall drive train efficiency over a standard drive cycle. This paper primarily analyzes hybrid fuel cell vehicles with different drive train arrangements, and compares projected fuel economies of hybrid fuel cell vehicles wit...

background: xylene is known as one of the most toxic of the nervous system. the purpose of this study is to estimate the concentration of xylene in the cabin of the vehicles production in iran. also the effect of ventilation, cigarette smoking, and air freshener inside the vehicle, fuel type and car decorations on the concentration of the substance being studied.   methods: 152 vehicles pride a...

a r t i c l e i n f o Given the recent trend of raising fuel cost and the increased time-sensitiveness of shippers, an extensive pressure is placed on the motor-carrier industry to meet the time-constrained customer demands at minimum fuel cost. We propose a decision support system that allows motor carriers to route each vehicle such that the vehicle not only visits all the customers in time (...

Fuel cell power for locomotives combines the environmental benefits of a catenaryelectric locomotive with the higher overall energy efficiency and lower infrastructure costs of a diesel-electric. A North American consortium, a public-private partnership, is developing a prototype hydrogen-fueled fuel cell-battery hybrid switcher locomotive for urban and military-base rail applications. Switcher...

The multiple trip vehicle routing problem involves several sequences of routes. Working shift of single vehicle can be scheduled in multiple trips. It is suitable for urban areas where the vehicle has very limited size and capacity over short travel distances. The size and capacity limit also requires the vehicle should be vacated frequently. As a result, the vehicle could be used in different ...

Title of dissertation: ESSAYS ON THE ECONOMICS OF AUTOMOBILE FUEL ECONOMY Takahiko Kiso, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Kenneth McConnell Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics This dissertation consists of three chapters that analyze issues relating to automobile fuel economy. Chapter 1 discusses automobile fuel economy regulations in the United State...

AVL Powertrain Engineering, Inc. (AVL) is an independent company specializing in the development of powertrain systems, simulation methods, and engine instrumentation and test systems. The vehicle simulation software Cruise, developed by AVL, is commonly used by automotive original equipment manufacturers to aid in powertrain development (Mayer, 2008). Cruise simulates vehicle-driving performan...

In this paper, a real-time distributed economic model predictive control approach for complete vehicle energy management (CVEM) is presented using a receding control horizon in combination with a dual decomposition. The dual decomposition allows the CVEM optimization problem to be solved by solving several smaller optimization problems. The receding horizon control problem is formulated with va...