STUDY DESIGN An experimental approach was used to test human cadaveric cervical spine specimens. OBJECTIVE To assess the response of the cervical spine to a compressive follower load applied along a path that approximates the tangent to the curve of the cervical spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The compressive load on the human cervical spine is estimated to range from 120 to 1200 N during...

We compare two approaches for Quality of Service support in WLAN-based ad hoc networks. The first approach is to use per-packet priorities, according to the IEEE 802.11e standard. The second approach is to allocate radio resources on the path between source and destination, according to our protocol ’Distributed end-to-end Allocation of time slots for REal-time traffic’ (DARE). Performance simu...

Tor, an anonymity network formed by volunteer nodes, uses the estimated bandwidth of the nodes as a central feature of its path selection algorithm. The current load on nodes is not considered in this algorithm, however, and we observe that some nodes persist in being under-utilized or congested. This can degrade the network’s performance, discourage Tor adoption, and consequently reduce the si...

Wireless Sensor Networks need to be organized for efficient data collection and lifetime maximization. In this paper, we propose a novel routing structure, namely k-DAG, to balance the load of the base station's neighbours while providing the worst-case latency guarantee for data collection, and a distributed algorithm for construction a k-DAG based on a SPD (Shortest Path DAG). In a k-DAG, the...

It is a well-known fact that routing metrics play a crucial part in the performance of wireless mesh networks (WMN). When routing protocols are implemented, the routing metrics are assigned to different paths. It calculates the best path to predict the best routing path. They are integrated in routing protocols to improve WMNs efficiency in terms of reliability, latency, throughput, error rate ...

A machine learning model is proposed in this paper to help estimate potential nodal load curtailment in response to an extreme event. This is performed through identifying which grid components will fail as a result of an extreme event, and consequently, which parts of the power system will encounter a supply interruption. The proposed model to predict component outages is based on a Support Ve...