نتایج جستجو برای: alternative production systems
تعداد نتایج: 1980400 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
This paper has two main purposes. Firstly, we develop various ways of defining efficiency in the case of multiple-output production. Our framework extends a previous model by allowing for nonseparability of inputs and outputs. We also specifically consider the case where some of the outputs are undesirable, such as pollutants. We investigate how these efficiency definitions relate to one anothe...
LCA is an environmental management tool for assessing the comprehensive environmental impacts of products, processes and activities. Assessment is undertaken along the life cycle from extraction of raw materials, through processing, manufacturing, transportation, use and on to final disposal. This is illustrated by reference to a study of breadmaking wheat production where the relative environm...
As we move towards more data intensive, device centric global communication networks, our ability to usefully harvest these large datastores is degrading. The widening asymmetry in the explosive growth of data versus our ability to use it, is forcing us towards centralized analytics. This splintered concentration of data further consolidates analytical capabilities in the hands of the few and d...
quality are not bought and sold in traditional markets. A simple price variable, for example, representing the costs of reducing runoff does not exist. Instead, economists have developed the notion of “shadow prices” that can be estimated from production and environmental data that give either the value of a non-marketable “good,” such as a unit of indigenous nitrogen in the soil, or the abatem...
Yeasts are an attractive group of lower eukaryotic microorganisms, some of which are used in several industrial processes that include brewing, baking and the production of a variety of biochemical compounds. More recently, yeasts have been developed as host organisms for the production of foreign (heterologous) proteins. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has usually been the yeast of choice, but an inc...
Fungus gnats (Bradysia spp.) are major insect pests of greenhouse-grown horticultural crops mainly due to the direct feeding damage caused by the larvae, and the ability of larvae to transmit certain soil-borne plant pathogens. Currently, insecticides and biological control agents are being used successively to deal with fungus gnat populations in greenhouse production systems. However, these s...
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