The electromagnetic bias (EM) is a critical error term in sea surface height estimation from satellite radar altimetry. At present the EM bias models used in current altimetry missions are empirically based and globally-averaged functions of the altimetermeasured signi cant wave height and wind speed alone. Recent studies have shown that a reduction in the EM bias error variance can be achieved...

D I R E C T measurement of large-scale ocean currents with current meter arrays is difficult and costly on basin scales. Since large-scale currents are very nearly in geostrophic balance, their velocity can be calculated from the pressure gradient on an equigeopotential surface. The surface geostrophic current therefore can be calculated from the deviation of sea level from the equigeopotential...

The determination of wave height by active satellite remote sensing, be it Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) or altimeter, has been a common practice for many years and is now imbedded on many meteorological and oceanographic forecasting systems. Despite their differences, all active sensors are based on the measurement of the Normalized Radar Cross Section (NRCS) of the sea surface, i.e., of its ...

One of the oqtical datasets for optimal selection of future lunar lana_ng sites is local, to regional-scale topography. Lunar base site selection will require such data for hoth engineering and scientific olX,rations purposes. The Lunar Geosctence Orbiter or Lunar Obsert_or is the ideal precursory science mission from which to obtain this required information. We suggest that a simple laser alt...

In the Gulf of Maine (GoM), a network of buoy hydrography measurements collected since 2001 provide a subsurface salinity time series showing a strong seasonal cycle and interannual variations that are both consistent with remote forcing of Gulf hydrography by upstream advection. These long-term mooring data are combined with satellite altimeter estimates of upper ocean current anomaly on the a...

The task of improving the accuracy and reliability altitude measurements aircraft flight is an important component aviation safety. Low-range radio altimeter (LRRA) basic system that used for measuring during landing take-off phases flight, or in cases when airplane located at low altitude. reflected from relief waves are subject to multipass interference, which can critically reduce measuremen...

[1] Until now, most satellite altimetry studies of the coastal ocean have been based on along-track data from a single mission, whereas up to four missions were operative in 2002–2005. Here, to monitor the coastal ocean we have applied specialized corrections and dedicated processing strategies to compute a multimission data set at a mean distance of 32 km of the coast. The resulting altimetric...