Research has shown that alum [Al(2)(SO(4))(3).14H(2)O] applications to poultry litter can greatly reduce phosphorus (P) runoff, as well as decrease ammonia (NH(3)) volatilization. However, the long-term effects of fertilizing with alum-treated litter are unknown. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the long-term effects of normal poultry litter, alum-treated litter, and ammonium nitra...

PURPOSE: Native submersed macrophyte growth is often limited by underwater light availability in eutrophic aquatic systems. Control of canopy-forming exotic species does not necessarily lead to greater light penetration because eutrophic systems usually sustain high algal biomass in the form of cyanobacterial blooms that can rapidly attenuate light near the lake surface. High phosphorus (P) loa...

Amending poultry litter with Al sulfate (alum) has proven effective in reducing water-soluble P in the litter and in runoff from fields that have received litter applications. Although its effectiveness has been demonstrated on a macroscopic scale in the field or in the poultry houses, little is known about P speciation in either alum-amended or unamended litter. This knowledge is important for...

Clinical tests of the efficacy of various treatments of bluebottle (Physalia physalis) stings were conducted on 20 volunteers. Vinegar and aluminium sulphate solution (Stingose) gave a significant reduction in pain 15 minutes after application when compared with the control sites which were treated with sea water. The application of methylated spirits caused a significant increase in pain compa...

Current global efforts are focused on exploring alternative pneumococcal vaccine strategies, aimed at addressing the shortcomings of existing formulations, without compromising efficacy. One such strategy involves the use of one or more pneumococcal protein antigens common to all serotypes, to provide cheap, non-serotype-dependent protection. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy ...

Intensification of the dairy industry in southern Idaho has led to the overapplication of manures and a buildup of soil phosphorus (P), which is a potential threat to water quality in the region. As the use of alum has been shown to reduce both soluble manure P and runoff P from alum-treated manures, the objective of this study was to determine if surface applications of alum to dairy manure an...

alum sludge is the main residual by-product from drinking-water-treatment processes including coagulation, flocculation, clarification and filtration, followed by dewatering in plants using aluminium salt as a coagulant. It is the most widely generated water-treatment residual worldwide – and is mostly sent to landfill being perceived as a waste of little known reuse value. In Ireland, an annua...

The generation of alum sludge from drinking water purification process remains inevitable when aluminium sulphate is used as primary coagulant for raw water coagulation. Sustainable managing such the sludge becomes an increasing concern in water industry. Its beneficial reuse is therefore highly desirable and has attracted considerable research efforts. In view of the novel development of alum ...