29 29 GENERIC NAME PAGE Amphetamine 350 Caffeine 351 Doxapram 349 Fenfluramine 351 Methamphetamine 350 Methylphenidate 350 Modafenil 351 GENERIC NAME PAGE Pemoline 350 Pentylenetetrazol 349 Sibutramine 351 Phentermine 351 Theobromine 351 Theophylline 351 Central nervous system (CNS) stimulation is the primary action of a diverse group of pharmacological agents and an adverse effect associated w...

Until recently, no studies have systematically examined the rate of psychotic symptoms caused by routine treatment with stimulant drugs such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamine (Dexedrine, Adderall). Doctors who prescribe stimulant drugs often seem oblivious to the fact that they can cause psychoses, including manic-like and schizophrenic-like disorders. Without providing a scientific ...

In this day and age of multicore architectures, programming language support is in urgent need for constructing programs that can take great advantage of machines with multiple cores. We present in this paper an approach to safe multicore programming in ATS, a recently developed functional programming language that supports both linear and dependent types. In particular, we formalize a type sys...

OBJECTIVES HIV prevalence among Cambodian female sex workers (FSW) is among the highest in Southeast Asia. We describe HIV prevalence and associated risk exposures in FSW sampled serially in Phnom Penh, Cambodia (Young Women's Health Study (YWHS)), before and after the implementation of a new law designed to combat human trafficking and sexual exploitation. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of ...

Atomoxetine is a nonstimulant medication shown to be efficacious in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There have been no reports to date of tics being precipitated or exacerbated by atomoxetine. We report four patients with ADHD who had developed tics on stimulants and in whom tics reappeared or were exacerbated on atomoxetine. Moreover, the tics resolved or abat...

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, infects human neutrophils and inhibits mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Bacterial factors involved in this process are unknown. In the present study, we screened a genomic DNA library of A. phagocytophilum for effectors of the type IV secretion system by a bacterial two-hybrid system, using A. phagocytophilum Vir...

BACKGROUND Pharmacokinetic and safety data on stimulants in older adults are limited. The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX), a d-amphetamine prodrug, in older adults. METHODS In this two-period crossover trial, healthy adults (n = 47) stratified by age (55-64, 65-74, and ≥ 75 years) and gender received randomized, double-blin...

Drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder. The identification of biomarkers that render individuals vulnerable for the transition from occasional drug use to addiction is of key importance to develop early intervention strategies. The aim of the present study was to prospectively assess brain structural markers for escalating drug use in two independent samples of occasional ampheta...

Aminotransferases (ATs) interacting with L-alanine are the least studied bacterial ATs. Whereas AlaT converts pyruvate to L-alanine in a glutamate-dependent reaction, AvtA is able to convert pyruvate to L-alanine in an L-valine-dependent manner. We show here that the wild type of Corynebacterium glutamicum with a deletion of either of the corresponding genes does not exhibit an explicit growth ...