In 1885 Bradford replaced the atrophied eye of a 35-year-old sailor with the eyeball of a rabbit and reported a good cosmetic result without return of vision. Two years later May attempted, without success, to duplicate this result and conduded that the whole eyeball was too large a mass to transplant with the hope of retaining vitality in all of its parts. Gradually work turned from man to the...

The caecilians, members of the amphibian Order Gymnophiona, are the least known Order of tetrapods, and their intra-relationships, especially within its largest group, the Family Caeciliidae (57% of all caecilian species), remain controversial. We sequenced thirteen complete caecilian mitochondrial genomes, including twelve species of caeciliids, using a universal primer set strategy. These new...

We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial (mt) genome of five individual caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) representing five of the six recognized families: Rhinatrema bivittatum (Rhinatrematidae), Ichthyophis glutinosus (Ichthyophiidae), Uraeotyphlus cf. oxyurus (Uraeotyphlidae), Scolecomorphus vittatus (Scolecomorphidae), and Gegeneophis ramaswamii (Caeciliidae). Th...

—Africa (excluding the Seychelles) has a diverse caecilian fauna, including the endemic family Scolecomorphidae and six endemic genera of the more cosmopolitan Caeciliidae. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have not included any caecilians from the African mainland. Partial 12S and 16S mitochondrial gene sequences were obtained for two species of the endemic African Scolecomorphidae and f...

M-DNA (mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid) from a variety of animals ranging from insects to mammals, prepared for electron microscopy by the protein monolayer technique (15), has been shown to be in the form of a circle (3, 4, 13, 16, 18-22, 24). The contour lengths of the circles of any one species have a Gaussian distribution with a small standard error. The M-DNA's of many vertebrates appe...

Galanin receptors (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [57]) are activated the endogenous peptides galanin and galanin-like peptide. Human is a 30 amino-acid non-amidated peptide [52]; in other species, it 29 amino acids long C-terminally amidated. Amino 1-14 of highly conserved mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibia fish. Shorter species (e.g. human galanin-1-19 [21] porcine galan...

This study was aimed description of morphological features fruits and seeds eight species related to Brassicaceae family in Iraq, the showed number taxonomic differences as silique long all studied except Rorippa amphibian (L.)b Besser short, however varied dimensions where Turritis laxa L. recorded highest average length with (160 mm) while R .amphibia record shortest (5 mm), addition colors r...

The formation of blastomeres by the newly fertilized egg has been studied by many authors, who have found the process a convenient avenue for attacking the general problem of cell division. By far the greater part of the work has been carried out on the eggs of marine invertebrates, and, in spite of their great suitability for most types of experimental embryological investigation, the eggs of ...