Normal insulin with undetectable C-peptide concentrations indicates exogenous insulin administration in a bodybuilder (1 ). Insulin has anabolic functions that inhibit breakdown and promote nutrient storage (2 ). Pharmaceutical-grade insulin is available without prescription, providing an easy-to-obtain performance enhancer (3). Although a urinary testosterone/ luteinizing hormone ratio 30 is a...

As well as athletes and competitive body builders, recreational body builders attending gymnasia are known to abuse anabolic steroids, using doses from 10- to 40-fold above physiological levels. Androgenic steroids induce hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with associated azoospermia, leading to infertility. Little literature exists on the treatment of steroid-induced azoospermia following the cess...

Social media has been associated with body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms among young women and adolescent girls. However, despite notable evidence of susceptibility to body image pressures, it remains unknown whether these associations generalize to sexual minority men. A nationwide sample of 2,733 sexual minority men completed an online survey advertised to Australian and New Ze...

Everyone is familiar with the rapid weight gain which occurs in both boys and girls with the onset of puberty. At this time there is also a spurt in the rate of growth. These effects are brought about by increased secretion of the sex steroids, testosterone in males and oestrogen and progesteronein females, which occurs at puberty and is maintained thereafter. The physical difference between me...

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are used as ergogenic aids by athletes and non-athletes to enhance performance by augmenting muscular development and strength. AAS administration is often associated with various adverse effects that are generally dose related. High and multi-doses of AAS used for athletic enhancement can lead to serious and irreversible organ damage. Among the most common ad...

Doping with endocrine drugs is quite prevalent in amateur and professional athletes. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has a list of banned drugs for athletes who compete and a strategy to detect such drugs. Some are relatively easy, anabolic steroids and erythropoietin, and others more difficult, human growth hormone (rhGH) and insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I). The use of such compounds ...

The use of the Agilent LC/MSD TOF, an orthogonal-axis time-of-flight (oa-TOF) mass spectrometer, equipped with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source, is described for the analysis of four anabolic steroids and one internal standard, in urine extracts at a 1–2 ng/mL concentration. The high degree of mass accuracy (<3 ppm) of the TOF instrument allows for both excellent confir...

Contrary to popular assumption, adolescent anabolic-androgenic steroid use is not limited to serious male athletes. This paper examines the relationships among gender, athletic participation, and health-related problem behaviors among adolescent steroid users. Regression analyses were performed on a nationally representative sample of over 16,000 high school students (the 1997 Youth Risk Behavi...

over the four decades, a significant decrease has been observed in age-related mortality caused by cardiovascular disease. people in developing countries suffer from cad at a relatively younger age and about half of mi occurs under the age of fifty years. abuse of anabolic steroids is one of the less common causes of atherosclerosis. in this report, a 23-year-old body builder male referred to e...