We motivate and introduce a new method of abduction, Matrix Abduction, and apply it to modelling the use of non-deductive inferences in the Talmud such as Analogy and the rule of Argumentum A Fortiori. Given a matrix A with entries in {0, 1}, we allow for one or more blank squares in the matrix, say ai,j =?. The method allows us to decide whether to declare ai,j = 0 or ai,j = 1 or ai,j =? undec...

We present a query language, called the Datalog, for deductive object-oriented databases. While a direct semantics for inheritance with overriding and encapsulation is desirable, an alternative method for capturing these two features in Datalog based on the idea of program transformation and compilation is proposed. A reduction technique for Datalog programs to Datalog is discussed. The eleganc...

To better understand the development and cognitive architecture of human reasoning, a divide between deductive and probabilistic reasoning has often been proposed. Neurological studies carried out on clinical and typical populations have overwhelmingly found that the two proposed types of reasoning are underpinned by relatively independent neural substrates. This article seeks to determine thro...

Deductive reasoning is often seen as being composed of an immutable mechanism, universal to all reasoning situations and consisting of either mental models (e.g., Johnson-Laird, 1983) or formal-rules (e.g., Rips, 1994). Many researchers have questioned whether these positions are truly mutually exclusive (e.g., Roberts, 1993, 2000). Most deductive reasoning research has largely ignored the infl...

One of the most important tasks in database technology is to combine the following activities: data mining or inferring knowledge from data and query processing or reasoning on acquired knowledge. The solution of this task requires a logical language with unified syntax and semantics for integrating deductive (using knowledge) and inductive (acquiring knowledge) reasoning. In this paper, we pro...

Ontologies in a legal expert system must be processed to suit all possible user cases within the field of law of the system. From the logical premises of a deductive system of express rules of law, legal ontologies may be implied to encompass the combinatorial explosion of possible cases that may lack one or more of the express antecedents in the deductive rule system. Express ontologies in ind...

Abstract This article considers the international laws applicable to irresponsible state behaviour in cyberspace through lens of problem election hacking. The rule sovereignty has taken centre stage these discussions and is said be preferred non-intervention because it evades coercion. Proponents cyber contend that there such a rule; opponents reject existence as matter existing law. objective ...