Much of the practice and research conducted by clinical psychologists focuses on abnormality, also known as mental disorders, psychiatric diagnoses, or, more broadly, psychopathology. Through their training and their professional activities, clinical psychologists become very familiar with the definitions of various forms of abnormal behavior and the ways it differs from normal behavior. But be...

Background To explore the diagnostic clues and abnormality spectrum of heterotaxy syndrome by prenatal ultrasonography postnatal verification. Methods The ultrasonic data 88 fetuses were analyzed retrospectively as left isomerism (LI) right (RI). Prenatal ultrasound compared with anatomical casting fetal body after labor induction, confirmatory diagnosis delivery. Results Fetal LI showed typica...

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva is an anatomical abnormality that is usually associated with myocardial ischemia and sudden death. Although this abnormality may coexist with obstructive atherosclerotic coronary disease, disease is not usually found in the anomalous course of the artery. When this coronary anomaly and obstructive coronary disease are...

BACKGROUND The value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is under debate. AIMS To assess the diagnostic accuracy of MRCP and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and to determine whether MRCP may help to prevent unnecessary interventional procedures. METHODS Eighty six patients with suspected common bile duct obstruction who presented between January and D...

BACKGROUND The 2005 American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines on spirometry emphasize examination of the inspiratory curve of the flow-volume loop for evidence of intrathoracic or extrathoracic upper airway obstruction. We sought to determine how frequently evaluations are performed for abnormal inspiratory curves. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all examinations p...

anatomy of the root canal system always effects endodontic treatment outcome. mandibular premolar teeth show extreme variations in root canal morphology. first premolars usually exhibit basic one root and one canal anatomy. the occurrence of three roots in mandibular first premolar has not been commonly reported in literature. this article reports a case of successful nonsurgical endodontic man...

background: recurrent abortion is a difficult medical problem happening in about 1-2% of fertile women. most spontaneous miscarriages which happen in the first and second trimesters are caused by chromosomal abnormalities. objective: the present study tries to find the rate of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with recurrent pregnancy loss. materials and methods: in total 165 couples were re...

A growing body of studies suggests that neurological and mental abnormalities foster conformity to norms of rationality that are widely endorsed in economics and psychology, whereas normality stands in the way of rationality thus defined. Here, we outline the main findings of these studies, discuss their implications for experimental design, and consider how 'sane' some benchmarks of rationalit...

Method of Controlling Epistaxis P. V. Wadsworth, F.R.C,S ................. 506 Treating Fibrositis I. H. J. Boume, M.B ..................... 506 Advisory Councils on Industrial Health S. A. Underwood, M.B., D.I.H ............. 506 Consultants' Salaries J. M. Brindle, F.F.R., and P. J. Briggs, M.R.C.S ,.. .... 507 Self-certification F. W. B. Breakey, M.B ................... 507 Mum's Not the Wor...

‘Normal’ comes from the latin norma, a carpenter’s square, and in mediaeval times meant something at a right angle or perpendicular. A few centuries later it came to mean conforming to a standard and was used in physics to refer to the average of a set of variables. If the variable concerned, such as head size or IQ, is continuous and has a normal distribution, by convention the normal range ha...