Computer aided design of a prosthesis for a below-the-knee (trans-tibial) amputee begins with a digitized representation of the shape of the residual limb. Certain anatomical landmarks must be located on this shape to identify optimal areas for load and pressure relief. Normally, the technician or prosthetist operating the digitizer places the marks on the shape before or after digitization. Th...

OBJECTIVE Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs, a commonly used animal model of osteoarthritis, were used to determine if high frequency ultrasound can ensure intra-articular injections are accurately positioned in the knee joint. METHODS A high-resolution small animal ultrasound system with a 40 MHz transducer was used for image-guided injections. A total of 36 guinea pigs were anaesthetised with isof...

conclusions the us-guided method for cvc placement was superior to the traditional landmark method in terms of access time, number of attempts, success rate, and fewer complications. objectives this study aimed to compare the traditional landmark method vs. us-guided method of cvc placement in terms of complications and success rate. patients and methods in this randomized controlled trial, pat...

We aim to establish a complete summary on the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA) to Cranio Cervical Junction (CCJ): evolution since first description, criteria to predict the feasibility and limitations, anatomical landmarks, indications and biomechanical evaluation after performing the approach. A comprehensive literature search to identify all available literature published between March 200...

Converging evidence conclusively demonstrates the robust relationship between anatomical landmarks and underlying functional organization in primary cortical regions. In consequence, a precise alignment across subjects of such specific individual landmarks should improve the overlap of the corresponding functional areas and thus the detection of active clusters at the group level. In an effort ...

BACKGROUND The identification of the facial nerve can be difficult in a bloody operative field or by an incision that limits exposure; hence anatomical landmarks and adequate operative exposure can aid such identification and preservation. In this clinico-anatomic study, we examined the stylomastoid artery (SMA) and its relation to the facial nerve trunk; the origin of the artery was identified...

HYPOTHESIS Asynchronous remote telementoring and teleproctoring with anatomical subject matter relevant to surgical procedures is an effective instructional tool for surgical trainees. DESIGN A validation model was established to assess the capabilities of current technologies to conduct effective instruction of surgical procedures in a remote location relative to the actual surgical procedur...

Background Surface Topography can be used to evaluate patients with spinal deformity, especially adolescents with scoliosis in whom a reduced number of radiographic evaluations is desired. The Formetric 4D (Diers International GmbH, Schlangenbad, Germany) is a surface topography system that is able to identify anatomical landmarks and construct a 3-dimentional model of the spine using only surf...