Three hundred and sixty one-day-old chicks (Arian) were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates for each treatment. The experimental treatments included: control group (without barley) with and without enzyme, 20% hulled barley with and without enzyme, 20% hull-less barley with and without enzyme. Body weights, feed intake and feed conversion were determi...

Wheat is the cereal grain of choice for Whole Grain Feeding (WGF) in poultry, despite fact that globally maize most commonly used grain. In this context, present study feeding whole wheat to commercial broilers with two types systems were ie. mixed and different levels replacement by 20, 40, 60, 80 100%. The body weight gain birds fed 20% 40% was found be highest (p<0.05). mean consumption (...

Animals play an important and sometimes overlooked role in nutrient cycling. The of animals cycling is spatially temporally variable, but few studies have evaluated the long-term importance animal-mediated meeting demand by primary producers. We quantified proportion phytoplankton (phosphorus, P) met excretion gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) a eutrophic reservoir where this species dominates...

citric acid has been reported to increase utilization efficiency of dietary phytate-bound phosphorus and protein. objective of this study was to determine the effects of citric acid on growth performance and nutrient retention of broiler chickens fed diets having two levels of non-phytate phosphorus and rice bran. giving a completely randomize design in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, 144 broi...

The Black Brant Branta bernicla nigricans is a seagrass-obligate goose, strongly tied to the estuaries of the Pacific Flyway coast of North America. Black Brant are unique in that they remain reliant on their traditional food resource, in contrast to other Brent Goose populations that now readily switch to feed on agricultural land during migration and in winter. While Black Brant use of coasta...