Nosema disease is one of the most important diseases of adult honey bees worldwide. It is known as silent killer because there are no characteristic symptoms. The aim of the present study was to determine prevalence of Nosema species in various towns of Kurdistan province in Iran. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex-PCR) was performed for identification of Nosema ...

A simple technique for the examination of cell surfaces by shadowing them with a heavy metal and examining by light microscopy has been described. Stained preparations can be examined and photographed initially prior to investigation by this technique. It is suggested that this technique could be used instead of the scanning electron microscope or replica techniques where the limited resolution...

Scientists have long dreamt of an optical microscope that can be used to see a sample in nanometre resolution. Because light propagates through water and air, an optical microscope can be used to see, in vivo, the details of living matter and other materials in their unperturbed natural condition. In addition, an optical microscope provides colour images that contain much richer information tha...

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to examine villous structures at different parts in the small intestines of 22-week-old chickens. Duodenum revealed plate-like villi with large number of goblet cells on the duodenal epithelium. Jejunum and ileum both revealed leaf-like villi, but the amount of goblet cells was greater in the jejunum. A putative effect of villous structures on the int...

The aims of the present study were to clinically and histologically evaluate human fresh frozen bone (FFB) grafts used to treat severe maxillary horizontal defects prior to dental implant placement. Ten patients were treated with FFB onlay grafts. Measurements using computed tomography scans were recorded preoperatively and at 5 months. Six core biopsies were retrieved and processed for light m...

Malaria remains a major global health burden, and new methods for low-cost, high-sensitivity, diagnosis are essential, particularly in remote areas with low-resource around the world. In this paper, a cost effective, optical cell-phone based transmission polarized light microscope system is presented for imaging the malaria pigment known as hemozoin. It can be difficult to determine the presenc...