When many independent users try to route traffic through a network, the flow can easily become suboptimal as a consequence of congestion of the most efficient paths. The degree of this suboptimality is quantified by the so-called price of anarchy (POA), but so far there are no general rules for when to expect a large POA in a random network. Here I address this question by introducing a simple ...

Different but partially overlapping hypotheses have been developed to predict the allocation of phenolics in elevated atmospheric CO(2). The carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis predicts increased allocation to phenolics due to reduced relative availability of nitrogen. The growth-differentiation balance hypothesis states that allocation will depend on source and sink strength, while the protein ...

Mutations in the pyrazinamidase (PZAse) coding gene, pncA, have been considered as the main cause of pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, recent studies suggest there is no single mechanism of resistance to PZA. The pyrazinoic acid (POA) efflux rate is the basis of the PZA susceptibility Wayne test, and its quantitative measurement has been found to be a highly ...

Thirty beef cows, approximately 3 yr of age, were randomly assigned to be slaughtered on d 7, 14, 28, 42 or 56 postpartum. Each cow suckled one calf until slaughter. Data from cows slaughtered on d 42 and 56 were pooled and further classified as anestrous or cyclic based on the presence of a corpus luteum and elevated serum concentrations of progesterone at slaughter. Specific binding of [3H]na...

poa genus has a high value for grazing and forage conservation concerning thelivestock. in order to study the impacts of cold temperature and growing degree days(gdd) on seedling morphological trait and phonological development of two speciesinvolving poa pratensis and poa trivialis, this research was conducted in laboratory andgreenhouse and outdoor of research institute of forest and rangelan...

475 AustrAlAsiAn Psychiatry P sychiatry of old age (POA) is a psychiatric subspe-cialty focusing on the mental health of older people. This subspecialty has been developing in the UK since the 1940s; and in Australia and New Zealand, since the 1970s and 1980s. 1 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) section in POA was established in 1987. 1 POA gained faculty st...