this study describes the management and products of the gasconne cattle in two neighbouring countries (spainand france), as a model study in trans-border breeds, analysing if they are significantly different depending on the place where they are located. fifty-seven gasconne breeders were interviewed (32 inspainand 25 infrance). the survey examined several aspects of the productive farming syst...

The tobacco industry is now adding sweet and spicy flavours to its products in order to increase sales to youth and minorities

Free sampling in digital format has become a common business practice in the online market offering consumers first-hand experience with products, due to its low marginal cost and extensive online distribution. At the same time, online word of mouth (WOM) has also been a prevalent strategy on the Internet for increasing product visibility and providing trustworthy product information. Those two...

BACKGROUND Under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the use of "Lights" descriptors or similar terms on tobacco products that convey messages of reduced risk. Manufacturers eliminated terms explicitly stated and substituted colour name descriptors corresponding to the banned terms. This paper examines whether the tobacco...