angiotensin ii is a major endocrine hormone that affects directly both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. since vascular reactivity to angiotensin ii changes in more physiological and pathophysiological conditions, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and captopril (30 and 50 mg kg-1, on...

background: diabetic nephropathy is considered to be the most common cause of end stage renal disease (esrd). proteinuria is declared as the most marked risk factor in progression towards esrd. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pentoxifylline for reduction of proteinuria in type ii diabetic patients. methods: from may 2007 to june 2008, this randomized clinical trial study w...

losartan potassium is a well known orally active non-peptide angiotensin ii receptor antagonist. losartan potassium and its principle active metabolites block the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone secreting effect of angiotensin ii by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin ii to at1 receptors. the drug is reported to promote the decrease in ventricular hypertrophy, salt and water excreti...

The activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme in hindlegs and kidneys was compared in anesthetized dogs. Intra-arterial injections of angiotensin I or angiotensin II to one kidney or one hindleg caused dose-dependent decreases in blood flow in that vascular bed. An inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity did not affect the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin II but substantially...

As some of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)-dependent mechanisms underlying cognitive performance modulation could include oxidative balance alterations, in this study we aimed to describe potential interactions between RAAS modulators (Losartan and Ramipril) stress a typical model memory impairment. In study, 48 white male Swiss mice were divided into six groups received (oral a...

Objective(s) Four novel losartan analogues 5a-d were synthesized by connecting a dihydropyridine nucleus to imidazole ring. The effects of 5a and 5b on angiotensin receptors (AT') and L-type calcium channels were investigated on isolated rat aorta. Materials and Methods Aortic rings were pre-contracted with 1 pM Angiotensin II or 80 mM KCl and relaxant effects of losartan, nifedipine, 5a and...

What started as a small cluster of viral pneumonia like cases in province China, the early weeks December, has blown out to be full-fledged pandemic virtually affecting every continent. PubMed and Google search engines were used for literature search. The case fatality rate which is around 2.6% corona virus disease (COVID-19) patient’s rise nearly 10.6% COVID-19 patients with prior cardio vascu...

The renin-angiotensin system can be inhibited through inhibition of angiotensin I generation from angiotensinogen by direct renin inhibitors, inhibition of angiotensin II generation from angiotensin I by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and by direct inhibition of the action of angiotensin II receptor level. Aliskiren, the first direct renin inhibitor to reach the market, is a low molec...

6β-Hydroxytestosterone, a cytochrome P450 1B1-derived metabolite of testosterone, contributes to the development of angiotensin II-induced hypertension and associated cardiovascular pathophysiology. In view of the critical role of angiotensin II in the maintenance of renal homeostasis, development of hypertension, and end-organ damage, this study was conducted to determine the contribution of 6...

In angiotensin type 1 receptor-blocked rats, renal interstitial (RI) administration of des-aspartyl(1)-angiotensin II (Ang III) but not angiotensin II induces natriuresis via activation of angiotensin type 2 receptors. In the present study, renal function was documented during systemic angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade with candesartan in Sprague-Dawley rats receiving unilateral RI infusion ...