Circulation Research is available at http://circres.ahajournals.org DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.303587 Abstract: Blockers of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), that is, renin inhibitors, angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, Ang II type 1 receptor antagonists, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, are a cornerstone in the treatment of hypertension. How exactl...

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) participates in numerous biological activities. Among these is the pathophysiological mechanisms of hypertension, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy and inflammatory disorders. These pleiotropic effects led to the development of new therapeutic approaches to inhibit the actions of this system. This chapter aims to relate the ...

In the effort to explain gender-related differences of the cardiovascular system, the renin-angiotensin system experienced intensive exploration. Indeed, the development of hypertension as well as the progression of coronary artery disease and heart failure have two factors in common: (1) display distinct gender specific characteristics and (2) are enhanced by the renin-angiotensin system. It i...

Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (Including other Peptidergic systems) Abstract Since the discovery of a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the brain, several studies have linked this central RAS to neurological disorders such as ischaemia, Alzheimer's disease and depression. In the last decade, evidence has accumulated that the central RAS might also play a role in Parkinson'...

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a critical regulator of sodium balance, extracellular fluid volume, vascular resistance, and, ultimately, arterial blood pressure. In the kidney, angiotensin II exerts its effects to conserve salt and water through a combination of the hemodynamic control of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate and tubular epithelial cell sodium chloride and wate...

Angiotensin (Ang) (1-7) is the endogenous ligand for the G protein–coupled receptor Mas, a receptor associated with cardiac, renal, and cerebral protective responses. Physiological evidence suggests that Mas receptor (MasR) undergoes agonist-dependent desensitization, but the underlying molecular mechanism regulating receptor activity is unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that MasR desensi...

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide (World Health Organization). Therapeutic strategies usually involve a combination of surgical ablation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Apart from conventional chemotherapy, targeting of the tumour vasculature by vascular disrupting agents or inhibitors of angiogenesis has also been used. Several antihypertensive agents have been used to reduce the ...

The renin-angiotensin system in the brain acts to regulate a number of physiological processes. Evidence suggests that angiotensin peptides may act as neurotransmitters, although their biosynthetic pathways are poorly understood. We review evidence for neuronal production of angiotensin peptides and hypothesize that angiotensin may be synthesized intracellularly in neurons.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and morbidity globally. The renin-angiotensin system is an important regulatory for maintaining cardiovascular renal function. Therefore, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors angiotensin receptor blockers have emerged as first-line treatments conditions such hypertension heart failure. Currently available synthetic medications us...

In this review, we show Angiotensin-(1-7) as a novel Renin Angiotensin System mediator that antagonizes cardiovascular and proliferative effects of Angiotensin II and exerts complex renal actions. We also speculate the possibility of new drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular, genitourinary and hepatic diseases by interfering with ACE2-Angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis.