Rabies is a fatal viral disease affecting warm-blooded mammals (bats, carnivores, and ruminants) even humans. The virus usually transmitted between humans or other animals through the bite of infected animals. However, there are unusual ways to share virus, such as organ transplants. has been known in ancient world since about 2300 BC. Dogs were commonly leading carriers disease. There strange ...

This paper describes a system for the evolution and co-evolution of virtual creatures that compete in physically simulated three-dimensional worlds. Pairs of individuals enter one-on-one contests in which they contend to gain control of a common resource. The winners receive higher relative fitness scores allowing them to survive and reproduce. Realistic dynamics simulation including gravity, c...

In Artificial Life, the production of new artificial creatures always needs more and more computation power. Whereas artificial morphogenesis methods construct complete creatures using blocks, artificial embryogeny develops smaller creatures starting from a unique cell. To obtain a complete creature, organized in tissues and organs, we propose a developmental model in which cells are coded as t...

This document expands on TR98-13, adding details consistent with operation of an initial prototype for AnimMagix and including projections for further development. AnimMagix is part of the Magix series of playful learning environments. In AnimMagix, children create whimsical creatures with anthropomorphic behaviors and launch them onto a field in which the creatures interact and affect one anot...

The design of virtual creatures shown in video [3] improves on the original design of Sims [4] by using the concept of historical markings for tracking the ancestry of every body part and every neuron of the creature throughout the evolution (a concept inspired by NEAT [5], an algorithm for evolution of neural networks). Historical markings are unique identifiers assigned to every body part and...

While there is an increased focus on promoting eco-friendly cities, biologically important but dangerous wildlife creatures encroach into which can cause human-wildlife conflicts. We examine how the encroachment of affects humans’ decisions to exterminate wildlife, spatial patterns conflicts, and size cities. develop a theoretical model where animals optimize their food intake by spreading out ...

Abstract What effect did British imperialism in Myanmar have on frogs? And, given that the lives of these small amphibian creatures were rarely ever recorded or preserved archival collections, how might we find out? Sceptical readers may also wish to take a step back and ask, why should historians even care about their lives? These are unusual questions for historian confront, but they occasion...