The parallel effects of the anion transport inhibitor DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate) on net chloride flow and on chloride exchange suggest that a major portion of net chloride flow takes place through the anion exchange system. The "slippage" model postulates that the rate of net anion flow is determined by the movement of the unloaded anion transport site across the membra...

Document-level event extraction (DEE) aims at extracting records from given documents. Existing DEE methods handle troublesome challenges by using multiple encoders and casting the task into a multi-step paradigm. However, most of previous approaches ignore missing feature mean pooling or max operations in different encoding stages have not explicitly modeled interdependency features between in...

We compare two different types of extraction patterns for automatically deriving semantic information from text: lexical patterns, built from words and word class information, and dependency patterns with syntactic information obtained from a full parser. We are particularly interested in whether the richer linguistic information provided by a parser allows for a better performance of subsequen...

Several recent approaches to Information Extraction (IE) have used dependency trees as the basis for an extraction pattern representation. These approaches have used a variety of pattern models (schemes which define the parts of the dependency tree which can be used to form extraction patterns). Previous comparisons of these pattern models are limited by the fact that they have used indirect ta...

Understanding chemical-disease relations (CDR) from biomedical literature is important for biomedical research and chemical discovery. This paper uses a k-max pooling convolutional neural network (CNN) to exploit word sequences and dependency structures for CDR extraction. Furthermore, an effective weighted context method is proposed to capture semantic information of word sequences. Our system...

The influence of anions on tautomerism in benzimidazole containing anion receptors has been studied via a variety of techniques in both solution and the solid state. The results show that hydrogen bonding interactions between the receptors and guests have a significant effect of the nature of the tautomer present. The compounds show a preference for complexation of lactate over pyruvate.

Modern question answering and summarizing systems have motivated the need for complex n-ary relation extraction systems where the number of related entities (n) can be more than two. Shortest path dependency kernels have been proven to be effective in extracting binary relations. In this work, we propose a method that employs shortest path dependency based rules to extract complex n-ary relatio...

The extraction of protein-protein interactions (PPI) from text requires a formal PPI representation. We use the BioInfer and GENIA corpora to study two such representations: a “binary” interaction model consisting of pairs of proteins and a “complex” model where interactions are defined as a network of proteins and their relations. As both of these formats can be seen as graphs, we contrast the...

In this paper, we mainly explore the effectiveness of two kernelbased methods, the convolution tree kernel and the shortest path dependency kernel, for Chinese relation extraction based on ACE 2007 corpus. For the convolution kernel, the performances of different parse tree spans involved in it for relation extraction are studied. Then, experiments with composite kernels, which are a combinatio...