Elastic anisotropy exhibits spatial inhomogeneity in human cortical bone, but the structural origins of anatomic variation are not well understood. In this study, the elastic anisotropy of human cortical bone was predicted using a specimen-specific multiscale model that investigated the relative influence of apatite crystal orientations and intracortical porosity. The elastic anisotropy of cort...

Laser Doppler measurements were performed on scattering liquids flowing through a highly scattering static medium to determine the scattering coefficient and the anisotropy factor of the liquids. Monte Carlo simulations of light propagation in the static and moving media were used to calculate the Doppler spectra for suspensions of polystyrene spheres in water, and these spectra were in excelle...

The Mat ́ern correlation function provides great flexibility for modeling spatially correlated random processes in two dimensions, in particular via a smoothness parameter, whose estimation allows data to determine the degree of smoothness of a spatial process. The extension to include anisotropy provides a very general and flexible class of spatial covariance functions that can be used in a mod...

Numerical calculations within the envelope function framework have been performed to analyze the relations between the magnitude of in-plane optical anisotropy and the values of the additional hole-mixing coefficients due to interface and electric field in ~001! symmetric GaAs/AlxGa12xAs superlattices for light propagating along the @001# direction. It is found that the heavyand light-hole stat...

Domain wall dynamics in thin magnetic films with perpendicular and in-plane anisotropy is studied using a novel magneto-optical Kerr effect susceptometery method. The method allows for measurements of domain wall motion under ac field excitation and the analysis of dynamic modes as a function of driving frequency and magnetic field amplitude. Domain wall dynamics in the perpendicular anisotropy...

The anisotropy of the electron velocity distribution function (EVDF) in plasmas can be deduced from the polarization of emissions induced by anisotropic electron-impact excitation. In this paper, we develop a compact thermal lithium atom beam source for spatially resolved measurements of the EVDF anisotropy in electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas. The beam system is designed such that the...

We have studied exchange anisotropy at ferromagnet/antiferromagnet ~FM-AFM! interfaces as a function of cooling field in Ni80Fe20 ~permalloy! films deposited on bulk single-crystal CoO substrates. Hysteresis loops measured after cooling through the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature in different magnetic fields show that the exchange bias has little dependence on cooling field. Large coolin...

Introduction: High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) is a powerful extension of MRI that maps the directional diffusion of water in the brain. With more diffusion gradients and directions, fiber directions may be tracked with greater angular precision, fiber crossings can be resolved, and anisotropy measures can be derived from the full fiber orientation density function. To better r...

We calculate the large-scale cosmic-ray (CR) anisotropies predicted for a range of Goldreich-Sridhar (GS) and isotropic models of interstellar turbulence, and compare them with IceTop data. In general, the predicted CR anisotropy is not a pure dipole; the cold spots reported at 400TeV and 2PeV are consistent with a GS model that contains a smooth deficit of parallel-propagating waves and a broa...

An analysis of the core region of an in-plane vortex in the two-dimensional Heisenberg model with easy-plane anisotropy λ = Jz/Jxy leads to a clear understanding of the instability towards transformation into an out-of-plane vortex as a function of anisotropy. The anisotropy parameter λc at which the in-plane vortex becomes unstable and develops into an out-of-plane vortex is determined with an...