Clarifying spatial variations in aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and precipitation-use efficiency (PUE) of grasslands is critical for effective prediction of the response of terrestrial ecosystem carbon and water cycle to future climate change. Though the combination use of remote sensing products and in situ ANPP measurements, we quantified the effects of climatic [mean annual prec...

the paper deals with the analysis of the external factor (solar activity, volcanic eruptions) influence on tree growth at the kola peninsula, northwestern russia. pinus sylvestris l. (scots pine) tree-ring chronologies collected nearby the northern timberline (68.63n, 33.25e) include the oldest (1445-2005 ad) living pine tree found up to date in the kola peninsula. a total of 18 living trees p...

Few cases of hydatid disease have been reported in India. The general impression is that the disease is rare. It is only occasionally that cases appear in the hospitals in large towns, and even these very often are not clearly brought out in hospital reports. The provincial annual reports in India show no separate heading for hydatid disease, and in hospital reports they are included under tumo...

accelerated soil erosion is an undesirable process that adversely affects water and soil resources. rainfall erosivity is an important factor in water erosion models. accordingly, the present study was conducted to estimate the rainfall erosivity throughout iran based on the latest available detailed rainfall data while considering its temporal and spatial variations. to accomplish this, th...

Spatial and temporal variability analysis of precipitation is an important task in water resources planning and management. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation in the northeastern corner of Iran using data from 24 well-distributed weather stations between 1991 and 2015. The mean annual rainfall, precipitation concentration index (PCI), and their coef...

In association with its nation building projects, the imperial government in Brazil under monarchic rule took some concrete actions based on proposals for physical education. The aim of this article is to investigate the meanings and significations attributed to this subject in the legislation and the annual reports issued by the Ministry of Business of the Empire (1831-1889), giving special at...