A key challenge in the SAD phasing method is solving a structure when the anomalous signal-to-noise ratio is low. A simple theoretical framework for describing measurements of anomalous differences and the resulting useful anomalous correlation and anomalous signal in a SAD experiment is presented. Here, the useful anomalous correlation is defined as the correlation of anomalous differences wit...

detection of causes of sudden natural death is a major problem of physicians and exact inspection of rare causes of sudden death reduces numbers of white autopsies and helps to well performance of justice. anomalous origin of coronary arteries are one of these rare cases that mostly in infants leading to death due to ischemia and heart failure , and sometimes survive until adulthood and attenti...

Little is known about how vascular patterns are generated in the embryo. The vasculature of the zebrafish trunk has an extremely regular pattern. One intersegmental vessel (ISV) sprouts from the aorta, runs between each pair of somites, and connects to the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel (DLAV). We now define the cellular origins, migratory paths and cell fates that generate these metame...

The research literature on Web-based learning supports the assumption that interaction is important for a successful course, yet questions exist regarding the nature and extent of the interaction and its effects on student performance. Much of the research is based on student perceptions of the quality and quantity of their interactions and how much they have learned in an online course. The pu...

We consider a 3-brane embedded in a warped 5-dimensional background with a dilaton and a Kalb-Ramond 2-form. We show that it is possible to find static solutions of the form of charged dS/AdS-like black hole with horizon which could have a negative mass parameter. The motion of the 3-brane in this bulk generates an effective 4dimensional bouncing cosmology induced by the negative dark radiation...

Presence is the experience of being somewhere arising from the interplay of technological, psychological and bodily factors. Experiences, generally – though there are exceptionsTPPT, are a consequence of interactions with things and events in the world. Thus to experience is to experience something. Ordinarily these somethings are objects and events in the world but in presence research these a...

The interactive installation “Drawing Spaces” investigates strategies for creating a bodily sense of presence and awareness in networked space created through intersection of shared physical and virtual spaces. This paper presents two „Drawing Spaces“ experiments: 1) a configuration where realtime generated virtual space mediates participants’ interaction in a shared physical space (exhibited a...

‘Presence’, the sense of being inside a virtual environment evoked with the help of computer mediation, has come to be a subject well explored in the field of virtual reality. Studies on mental imagery confirm that we can intuitively evoke objects and spaces in our minds and interact with them temporally. We believe that a sense of presence could be experienced in such self-evoked reality as we...

We describe a novel immersive environment – the Interactive Tent – and an artistic production within it – The Illusion of Being. In this production, immersants experience a vivid cycle of the seasons in a way that depends on their bodily movements. Everybody’s experience of The Illusion is unique, since by moving immersants slip from one version of the seasonal cycle to another. In all, there a...

In this paper, our ambition is to find a way of measuring “presence” to use it as a measure for ecological validity in driving simulators. The underlying assumption is that a person experiencing a strong sense of presence in the virtual environment will react in this environment as if it would be a real one. We propose to measure "presence" by measuring “attention” toward the driving task". Our...