Phytotherapy used various preparations in both human and veterinary medicine over time, due to their increased bioavailability lower costs. Taraxacum officinale of Compositae family, well-known for its therapeutic effects, abundantly grows on Romanian pastures. The research aimed investigate alcoholic extract’s effects cell-mediated immunity anti-anthrax vaccinated, grazing sheep. Local Turcana...

BACKGROUND Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis and is regarded as one of the most prominent bioterrorism threats. Anthrax toxicity is induced by the tripartite toxin complex, composed of the receptor-binding anthrax protective antigen and the two enzymatic subunits, lethal factor and edema factor. Recombinant lactobacilli have previously been used to deliver antibody fragments...

Anthrax, an acute to per acute infectious disease Diagnosis, treatment and control measures of all domestic animals and human beings, is caused All the blood smears examined were positive for by Bacillus anthracis and characterized by septicemia Bacillus anthracis organisms. Smears showed and sudden death with the exudation of dark tarry characteristic McFadyean reaction characterized by colore...

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Live, attenuated strains of Bacillus anthracis lacking either the capsule plasmid pXO2, the toxin plasmid pXO1, or both were tested for their efficacy as vaccines against intravenous challenge with anthrax toxin in Fischer 344 rats and against aerosol or intramuscular challenge with virulent anthrax spores in Hartley guinea pigs. Animals immunized with toxigenic, nonencapsulated (pXO1+, pXO2-) ...

The Bayesian Aerosol Release Detector (BARD) is a biosurveillance system for detecting and characterizing disease outbreaks caused by aerosol releases of anthrax. A major challenge in modeling a population’s exposure to aerosol anthrax is to accurately estimate the exposure level of each individual. In part, this challenge stems from the fact that the only spatial information routinely containe...

Anthrax is extremely rare in the western world but is endemic to areas of south and central Asia. In early 2010 an outbreak was identified in heroin-injecting intravenous drug users in the United Kingdom and Europe. Afghanistan is currently the principal source of heroin which reaches the United Kingdom. When anthrax occurs, cutaneous disease accounts for over 95% of cases. At least 47 cases wi...

Specific lots of anthrax vaccine adsorbed administered to members of the U.S. Armed Forces have been alleged to contain squalene, a chemical purported to be associated with illnesses of Gulf War veterans. A method of enhanced sensitivity for determining squalene in anthrax vaccine adsorbed using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection has been developed, validated...

Since October 3, 2001, CDC and state and local public health authorities have been investigating cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax. This report updates findings as of October 31, and includes interim guidelines for the clinical evaluation of persons with possible anthrax. A total of 21 cases (16 confirmed and five suspected) of bioterrorism-related anthrax have been reported among persons w...

The use of anthrax as a model system dates back to the late 19th century and Koch's initial investigations into the transmission of infectious diseases (Koch, 1877). These studies, coupled with his subsequent investigations into tuberculosis, enabled Koch to formulate the first set of rules that were used to determine the etiology of a human infectious disease. Koch's postulates, as these rules...