Tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) concentrations were determined in the CSF from 42 HIV-infected patients, with or without CNS involvement. In addition, 14 subjects with various neurological disorders but without HIV antibodies were included as controls. Raised CSF concentrations of TNF-alpha (greater than 40 ng/l) were detected both in patients with AIDS dementia complex (ADC) (6/9) and with ...

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate adipose tissue secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in Graves' hyperthyroidism. DESIGN We studied 10 patients before and during (after 8 weeks) anti-thyroid treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism and 16 healthy, euthyroid control subjects. METHODS Plas...

The signaling mechanism by which the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 mediates suppression of proinflammatory cytokine synthesis remains largely unknown. Macrophage-specific STAT3-null mice have demonstrated that STAT3 plays a critical role in the suppression of LPS-induced TNF-alpha release, although the mechanism by which STAT3 mediates this inhibition is still not clear. Using an adenoviral ...

BACKGROUND High levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha messenger RNAs and interleukin (IL) 8 have been reported in leukocytes of patients with sepsis. HYPOTHESIS Assessment of leukocyte intracytoplasmic levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines might be clinically more relevant to determine prognosis in patients with severe sepsis. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Surgica...

BACKGROUND - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been implicated in the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure. A strain of transgenic mice (TNF1.6) with cardiac-specific overexpression of TNF-alpha develop congestive heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine the effect of anti-TNF-alpha therapy in this model, we studied 3 groups: TNF1.6 mice treated with saline, wild-type mice t...

Proinflammatory cytokines play a critical role in innate host defense against extracellular bacteria. However, little is known regarding the effects of these cytokines on the adaptive humoral response. Mice injected with a neutralizing anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) monoclonal antibody (MAb) at the time of primary immunization with intact Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain R36A) sho...

AIM Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha agents are widely used for the treatment of both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psoriasis. Psoriatic skin lesions induced by anti-TNF have been described in patients with IBD. We report a case series of psoriasis induced by anti-TNF agents in IBD patients. METHODS Systematic analysis of cases of psoriasis induced by anti-TNF in an IBD patient c...

INTRODUCTION The era of biologic therapies has provided new options for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. However, safety concerns have led to intensive screening and monitoring of patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) agents. METHODS The authors describe the cases of three patients with moderate to severe psoriasis treated with anti-TNF agents, with ch...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is not just a proinflammatory cytokine. It has also been proposed to be an immunoregulatory molecule that can alter the balance of T regulatory cells. Anti-TNF-alpha therapies have been provided clinical benefit to many patients and introduced for treating moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and other chronic inflammatory disorders. Howeve...