The exact boundary, residue, conformational and directional definitions of the three antigenic sites of native hen's egg-white lysozyme are described. The results clearly reveal that the three antigenic sites account quantitatively for the total antigenic reactivity of the protein. Thus the entire antigenic structure of lysozyme has now been precisely determined and is briefly discussed here, t...

The antigenic evolution of influenza A (H3N2) virus was quantified and visualized from its introduction into humans in 1968 to 2003. Although there was remarkable correspondence between antigenic and genetic evolution, significant differences were observed: Antigenic evolution was more punctuated than genetic evolution, and genetic change sometimes had a disproportionately large antigenic effec...

We present results from detailed computations focused on chemical mixing in convective regions of very low mass stars (VLMs) and brown dwarfs (BDs) during deuterium burning. Computations are made both in the instantaneous and in the coupled–diffusive mixing schemes to check which mixing is required to treat these phases. The convective timescale is much shorter than the nuclear time scales for ...

In this work we propose a lightweight scheme for negotiating client’s capabilities in the context of end-end content adaptation for wireless web access. Our method is much less complex then W3C’s proposed CC/PP framework. We suggest that for the purposes of content negotiation all (mobile) clients could be grouped into a few relatively large categories. With this assumption we simplify the CC/P...

Antigenic variation, a clonal phenotypic variation developed by microorganisms, involves the permanent switching of homologous, antigenically different cell surface molecules. In pathogenic microorganisms, antigenic variation is often described as a mechanism to evade the host immune system and therefore is responsible for the generation of chronic and/or recurrent infections. However, antigeni...

Electrophoretically monodisperse antibody components in rabbit antisera to the carbohydrates of the Groups A and C streptococci have been examined for their individual antigenic specificity. In these antibody components which were isolated by preparative electrophoresis, individual antigenic specificity was confined to the specific antibody and was absent in the nonantibody gamma-globulin. Radi...

One of the most promising methods of attack on the obscure problem of 'biological specificity would seem to lie in the search for newly formed antigenic properties in proteins compounded either of non-antigenic proteins, or of an antigenic with a non-antigenic protein. It was with this method in mind .that we sought for possible antigenic properties in the mixture of the amino acids (glutamic a...