BACKGROUND The appropriate time to initiate antiretroviral therapy is controversial for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with CD4 cell counts between 200/microL and 350/microL and low levels of HIV RNA, potentially leading to barriers to treatment access. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of cholesterol changes and fat redistribution symptoms on the clinical benefits and cos...

With the rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy, there is a dramatic decline in HIV related morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Several new safe antiretroviral, and newer class of drugs and monitoring assays are developed recently. As a result the treatment guideline for the management of HIV disease continue to change. This review focuses on evolving science o...

The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between the awareness of HAART, beliefs regarding transmission of HIV of persons taking HAART, norms associated with sexual risk behaviour, fear of HIV/AIDS, optimism of finding a cure or vaccine, and sexual behaviour in the general population of Sweden. A mail survey was sent to 4,000 randomly selected individuals aged 16-44 years...

Introduction Elevated serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, very lowdensity lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol have been reported in the literature from areas where experience with antiretroviral drugs has amassed. Up until recently the use of antiretroviral drugs in Nigeria on a wide scale was a rarity owing largely to prohibitive cost, and so exper...

BACKGROUND The rates of death are high among patients with coinfection with tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The optimal timing for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in relation to tuberculosis therapy remains controversial. METHODS In an open-label, randomized, controlled trial in Durban, South Africa, we assigned 642 patients with both tuberculosis and HIV inf...

These guidelines are intended as an update to those published in the Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine in 2014 and the update on when to initiate antiretroviral therapy in 2015. Since the release of the previous guidelines, the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in southern Africa has continued. New antiretroviral drugs have become available with improved efficacy, safety and robus...

Interviews conducted in South Africa found that awareness of antiretroviral therapy was generally poor. Antiretroviral drugs were not perceived as new, but one of many alternative therapies for HIV/AIDS. Respondents had more detailed knowledge of indications, effects and how to access alternative treatments, which is bolstered by the active promotion and legitimization of alternative treatments...

Significant advances have been made in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection over the past two decades. Improved therapy has prolonged survival and improved clinical outcome for HIV-infected children and adults. Sixteen antiretroviral (ART) medications have been approved for use in pediatric HIV infection. The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has issued "Gu...

Erratum Erratum to " A schematic age-structured compartment model of the impact of antiretroviral on HIV incidence and prevalence " [Math. In a previous paper [1], we developed a model to deal with the impact of antiretroviral therapy on HIV/AIDS epidemic. Unfortunately, Fig. 2 was truncated in press. The correct figure below shows what appears to be a dramatic effect of highly active antiretro...

Antiretroviral therapy has ensured a reasonably good quality of life among HIV-infected individuals. Opportunistic infections/malignancies make immune system weaker and as these are associated with HIV infection, so need quick intervention. Emergencies in HIV infection occur due to opportunistic infections or due to antiretroviral therapy. Pulmonary emergencies, central nervous system emergenci...