in a cross section of the patients scheduled for various operations, the plausability of lidocaine as an induction agent is studied and described. the results were dismaying suggesting, henceforth, that as an induction agent, lidocaine altogether fails to accomplish the assignment assigned to this drug.

objective: etching of enamel and dentin is an important step in restoration of teeth with composite resin ensuring the retention of restoration and decreasing microleakage. this in vitro study sought to compare the effects of kimiya and etch-rite acid etchants on the microleakage of composite restorations.   methods: this experimental study was conducted on 30 sound human molar teeth. class v c...