The recent great advances in medical treatment and scientific technology include the many antiviral agents that have been developed and are used for treatment of infectious diseases, but such advances have also provoked the appearance of resistant virus strains. Therefore, the development of new antiviral agents with diverse kinds of antiviral actions is required. The search for new antiviral a...

Hepatitis C therapy in the era of the newer direct-acting antiviral agents has radically changed our treatment schemes by achieving very high rates of sustained virological response. However, treatment with direct antiviral agents fails in a subgroup of patients. This group of so-called difficult-to-treat individuals is the subject of this paper, which reviews the causes of virological failure,...

UNLABELLED Recent studies suggest that long-term suppression of viral replication is critical to reducing the complications of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Monitoring for continued virological response during and after treatment is essential because current treatment options have limited success in achieving durable endpoints, and antiviral resistance may emerge during long-term t...

Vaccination and antiviral treatment are two important prevention and control measures for the spread of influenza. However, the benefit of antiviral use can be compromised if drug-resistant strains arise. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to explore the impact of vaccination and antiviral treatment on the transmission dynamics of influenza. The model includes both drug-sensitive an...

1C INDEX I. PURPOSE II. PROCESS STATEMENT III. GRADING OF RECOMMENDATIONS IV. THE DISEASE A. Influenza viruses B. Clinical aspects C. Clinical diagnosis of influenza illness V. TREATMENT OF INFLUENZA ILLNESS A. Antiviral drugs including off-label use B. Benefits of antiviral treatment C. Considerations in selecting treatments 1. Severity of illness 2. Presence of risk factors or co-morbid medic...

We read with great interest the study by Papachrysos et al showing that antiviral therapy leads to histological improvement in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients [1]. We agree with the authors that long-term antiviral treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogs suppresses hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, delays disease progression and contributes to resolution of fi brosis [2,3]. In patie...

BACKGROUND Indonesia has had more recorded human cases of influenza A H5N1 than any other country, with one of the world's highest case fatality rates. Understanding barriers to treatment may help ensure life-saving influenza-specific treatment is provided early enough to meaningfully improve clinical outcomes. METHODS Data for this observational study of humans infected with influenza A H5N1...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with a higher risk of the development of insulin resistance. If HCV is a causal factor for insulin resistance, then clearance of HCV might decrease insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of clearance of HCV on insulin resistance. METHODS We analyzed 28 patients with HCV infection who receiv...

Influenza A virus (IAV)-induced severe disease is characterized by infected lung epithelia, robust inflammatory responses and acute lung injury. Since type I interferon (IFNab) and type III interferon (IFNk) are potent antiviral cytokines with immunomodulatory potential, we assessed their efficacy as IAV treatments. IFNk treatment of IAV-infected Mx1-positive mice lowered viral load and protect...

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious public health problem worldwide. China, as the country with the largest number of HCV infections in the world, plays a significant role in eliminating hepatitis C. Due to different financial situations and education background, hepatitis C patients take different actions for their disease treatment and management. Therefore, antiviral treat...