AIM To validate the use of longitudinal sections against cross sections using micro-CT for disclosing the topography and location of the apical constriction. METHODOLOGY Seventy extracted human teeth with 117 completely developed roots were micro-CT scanned and reconstructed at a voxel size of 27 μm. The 3DSlicer program was used to navigate the longitudinal sections parallel to the long axis...

Leakage is one of the most important reasons for failure hydraulic systems. The accurate positioning leakage great significance to ensure safe and reliable operation For early stage leakage, pressure circuit does not change obviously therefore cannot be monitored by sensors. Meanwhile, changes frequently due influence load state switch, which further reduces accuracy localization. In work, a no...

Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory lesion in the periodontal tissues that is caused mostly by bacterial elements derived from the infected root canal system of teeth (Core concept 7.1). In non-treated teeth apical periodontitis represents a defensive response to a primary infection in a necrotic pulp. Apical periodontitis may also develop due to a secondary infection subsequent to endodont...

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introduction: controversial results have been reported when organic acids, ultrasonic instruments and laser techniques were used to remove smear layer in endodontic treatments. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of removing debris and smear layer by er,cr:ysgg laser irradiation on the apical leakage of retrograde cavities. materials and methods: in this ex vivo study, 24 extracted...

Using K+-specific microelectrodes in the isolated retinal pigment epithelium preparation from frog eye, we have examined changes in extracellular K+ in the unstirred layer between the choroid and basal membrane. We found, using agents to depolarize apical and basal membranes, that membrane potential modulates K+ efflux from the basal membrane into the choroid. [K+] in the choroid was found to b...

INTRODUCTION Previous micro-computed tomography analyses of root canal preparation provided data that were usually averaged over canal length. The aim of this study was to compare preparation effects on apical root canal geometry. METHODS Sixty extracted maxillary molars (180 canals) used in prior studies were reevaluated for analyses of the apical 4 mm. Teeth were scanned by using micro-comp...

systems possess can serve both as havens for bacterial colonization and portals for the extension of endodontic disease. Figure 1 is a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) rendering of a lateral lesion of endodontic origin. As usual, the portal of exit from this diseased pulpal system is found in the center of the lesion. Many have documented the vast array of anatomical possibilities of pulpal...

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare dentine and enamel micro-leakage values of six self-etching bonding agents to that of a total etch dentine bonding agent (used as a control). Products evaluated were Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus (3M/ESPE), Xeno III (Dentsply), Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), ABF (Kuraray), Optibond Solo Self-Etch (Kerr), OneCoatSE Bond (Colténe Whaledent), and iBond...