O ver the past 30 years, face-lift surgery has progressed from a more limited skin elevation with no treatment of the superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) to more extended elevation of the skin and SMAS. Hamra popularized the traditional deep-plane technique lifting the SMAS and skin as a compound unit with a thicker, well-vascularized flap. This flap is elevated in a sub-SMAS dissect...

The linea alba (LA), a midline tendinous structure formed by the interlocking anterior abdominal wall aponeurotic fibers, acts as a passive tensile band that prevents sagging of the lower abdomen. The microstructure and the strength of these fibres would thus be expected to reflect on the forces that act on the linea alba. This study was undertaken to establish the histomorphology, morphometry ...

The distribution of innervation zones was investigated in 3 subjects for 17 muscles and 8 muscle groups in the upper and lower limb, by detecting bi-directional propagation of motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) with the multichannel surface electrode array. Clarification of the distribution of innervation zones depended on the ease in detecting the propagation of MUAPs and the actual scatteri...

PURPOSE To assess the outcome of surgery in patients with a history of contact lens wear. DESIGN Retrospective, comparative interventional case series. METHODS A total of 419 patients underwent ptosis surgery during a 1-year period (2005-2006) at Moorfields Eye Hospital. Those included in this study had a diagnosis of aponeurotic ptosis and history of contact lens wear. MAIN OUTCOME MEASU...

BACKGROUND Facial rejuvenation can be achieved using a variety of techniques. Since minimally invasive procedures for face lifting have become popular because of their convenience and short operating time, numerous minimally invasive surgical procedures have been developed. In this study, a nonabsorbable polypropylene mesh is introduced as a new face lifting instrument, with the nasolabial fold...

The pudendal nerve may be strained either between the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments at the ischial spine level or within Alcock's canal. Alcock's neuralgia is a rare, painful condition caused by compression of the pudendal nerve within Alcock's canal (pudendal canal) which is an aponeurotic tunnel that cannot be stretched. Patients usually present with intense, unilateral pain involv...

BACKGROUND Surgical rejuvenation of the aging face is common in aesthetic surgery, and many surgical techniques have been described for accomplishing it. The keys to consistent results are the surgeon's judgment and ability to individualize a treatment plan according to the patient's needs. To obtain natural-appearing results, the surgeon must consider the morphological characteristics of the a...

Important structures involved in the pathogenesis of occipital headache include the aponeurotic attachments of the trapezius and semispinalis capitis muscles to the occipital bone. The greater occipital nerve (GON) can become entrapped as it passes through these aponeuroses, causing symptoms of occipital neuralgia. The aim of this study was to identify topographic landmarks for accurate identif...

BACKGROUND Preferred techniques for rejuvenation and contouring of the neck region have evolved over the past 40 years. A slender neckline is recognized as an attractive feature of youth, whereas aging of the lower face often includes ptosis of the soft tissues of the chin and banding or cording of the muscles of the anterior and lateral neck. Aesthetic rejuvenation of the face and neck involve...

A cadaveric study was undertaken to report the incidence of sternalis muscle in cadavers of Asian origin. A total of 88 cadavers were studied over a period of six years and the sternalis was reported only in a single case and that too unilaterally. The accessory muscle was discovered in the right pectoral region in a 40-year-old male cadaver. The muscle emanated from the external oblique aponeu...