Gauge fixing seems to be crucial to identify the relevant degrees of freedom for confinement. In the vortex theory of confinement these degrees of freedom are bi-dimensional objects carrying flux quantized in elements of the center of the group. Center gauge fixing, a gauge fixing prescription having a remaining ZN freedom, is needed to identify these objects. In this paper we study how Laplaci...

We propose a generalization of the stochastic gauge fixing procedure for the stochastic quantization of gauge theories where not only the drift term of the stochastic process is changed but also the Wiener process itself. All gauge invariant expectation values remain unchanged. As an explicit example we study the case of an abelian gauge field coupled with three bosonic matter fields in 0+1 dim...

In this paper we look at the difficulty of fixing solutions of classic network problems. We study local changes in graphs (edge resp. node insertion resp. deletion), and network problems (e.g. maximal independent set, minimum vertex cover, spanning trees, shortest paths). A change/problem combination is locally fixable if an existing solution of a problem can be fixed in constant time in case o...

How tumor cells gain resistance to drugs is critically important to elucidate for developing better cancer therapy. In this issue of Blood, Wray and colleagues have identified a mechanism whereby acute leukemia cells use a stimulator of topoisomerase II activity to allow proliferation despite drug inhibition of this essential enzyme.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Our aim was to assess in an animal model whether the use of HA paste at the cement-bone interface in the acetabulum improves fixation. We examined, in sheep, the effect of interposing a layer of hydroxyapatite cement around the periphery of a polyethylene socket prior to fixing it using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). METHODS We performed a randomized study involving 22 ...

Mice immunized with soluble heterologous thyroglobulins developed autoantibody that cross-reacted with autologous thyroglobulin. There was a direct correlation between the temporal appearance and quantity of serum autoantibody and the presumed in situ formation of immune complexes in the interstitium of the thyroid glands. Immediately after the formation of interstitial immune complexes contain...

An algorithm for gauge fixing to the Landau gauge in the fundamental modular region in lattice QCD is described. The method, a combination of an evolutionary algorithm with a steepest descent method, is able to solve the problem of the nonperturbative gauge fixing. The performance of the combined algorithm is investigated on 8, β = 5.7, and 16, β = 6.0, lattice SU(3) gauge configurations. Latti...