The large body of literature and techniques generated by mammalian toxicity studies provides a conceptual and technical framework within which the absorption, fate, and disposition of xenobiotics in aquatic organisms can be studied. This review emphasizes the similarities and differences between mammalian and aquatic systems, e.g., lung vs. gill as site of absorption and toxicity. These must be...

Lambda-cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid insecticide used for controlling pest insects in agriculture, public health, and in construction and households. Lambda-cyhalothrin is characterized by low vapor pressure and a low Henry's law constant but by a high octanol-water partition coefficient (K(ow)) and high water-solid-organic carbon partition coefficient (K(oc)) values. Lambda-cyhalothrin is quite ...

Pyridine, a suspected genotoxic and formaldehyde, a potent carcinogen, are present in several industrial wastewater including commercial solvent, resin and pesticide manufacturing industries. The extent of pyridine and formaldehyde toxicity in aquatic organisms is unknown. Therefore, in present study the toxicity of pyridine and formaldehyde were investigated in artificial aquatic ecosystem (mi...

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) are the world's second most widely consumed nanomaterial and large quantities of this material enters the aquatic ecosystem annually. Therefore, understanding the effects of nTiO2 on aquatic organisms is very important. The present study used Daphnia magna as a model freshwater organism and Pontogammarus maeoticus as a brackish water organism to evaluate s...

Salinity is rising in many southern African and Australian rivers with unknown effects on aquatic organisms. The extent of spatial variation, at any scale, in salt tolerances is unknown and therefore whether data from one location should be used elsewhere. The acute tolerances (72-hour LC50) to sea salt of 49 macroinvertebrate taxa from the south-east of the Eastern Cape (SEEC), South Africa we...

Acuabio 1 is a mixture of proteins and essential amino acids that exerts an important nutritional effect on early developmental stages of aquatic organisms. It synchronizes and accelerates larvae growth, promoting development, and subsequently increasing resistance to parasites. All these properties make Acuabio 1 very attractive to improve the production, survival and quality of the larvae of ...

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) include synthetic and naturally occurring chemicals that affect the balance of normal functions in animals (Razia et al. 2006). It has been found that exposure to natural and synthetic estrogenic chemicals may adversely affect wildlife and human health (Colborn et al. 1993). In vitro exposures (Soto et al. 1992; Soto et al. 1994; Toomey et al. 1999) have co...

The modeling and simulation of fish-like swimming is of interest in life sciences as well as in engineering applications. Understanding the mechanics of swimming can help clarifying some aspects of the evolution and of the physiology of aquatic organisms. In engineering, the study and optimisation of aquatic locomotion can improve the design of underwater vehicles having superior manouvering ca...

Nonylphenol (NP), an anaerobic breakdown product of a widely used nonionic surfactant nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO), is currently of environmental concern because of its toxicity, estrogenic properties and widespread contamination. Nonylphenol has been detected in surface and ground water, sediments, aquatic organisms, wastewater effluent, air, and human food. Although concentrations of NP are ...