LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this activity, participants will be able to: 1. Create a staged management plan for patients with glaucoma. 2. list steps to take in the event that target IOP is not maintained. 3. Describe structural and functional bases of aqueous humor formation and outfl ow. 4. use aqueous humor pathophysiology to interpret ocular hypertension and the mechanisms of act...

Methods. Bovine lens epithelial cells (BLECs) obtained from the central zone of the anterior capsule were cultured in complete medium (F-12 nutrient mixture supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum). Human aqueous humor was obtained from 11 patients during cataract surgery. Medium was removed and replaced with medium containing various concentrations of porcine platelet-derived TGF-/?2 or 10% hu...

PURPOSE To characterize immunologically and virologically the infiltrating cells in the aqueous humor of patients with human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) uveitis (HU). METHODS With their informed consent, patients had 0.1 ml of the aqueous humor in the anterior chamber collected with a needle under an operating microscope. An aliquot of the collected sample from patients without ster...

BACKGROUND Genetic variations have been identified in the genome of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains using vesicle fluid, varicella scabs and throat swab samples. We report a rare case of VZV-associated uveitis with severe hyphema, which was immediately diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the aqueous humor, in which we were able to analyze the VZV genotype for the first time....

PURPOSE To demonstrate the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in intraocular neovascularization by detecting the presence of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in aqueous humor and serum of patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS According to the grade of iris neovascularization (NVI), patients wit...

Eight eyes of 7 patients with fungal disease received intravenous injections of 150 to 300 mg micafungin, and samples of blood, cornea, retina-choroid, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor were collected. The micafungin levels in all collected samples exceeded the MICs; however, the levels in the vitreous and aqueous humors were lower. Our findings suggest that intravenous micafungin should be giv...

Netarsudil mesylate (previously AR-13324) is a novel Rho kinase and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor previously shown to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma. Multiple effects on aqueous humor dynamics (AHD) have been reported in animals including increased outflow facility and reduced aqueous humor production in monkeys, and reduced ...

The retention of the antibiotic chloramphenicol on, and penetration into, the rabbit eye has been compared following administration in two vehicles. Samples were taken of both aqueous humor and a washing fluid applied to the conjunctival surface and the concentration of 14C-chloramphenicol determined. Greater tear film and aqueous humor drug concentrations, which are effective against many orga...

Direct administration of cyclic-AMP into the anterior chamber increases the outflow facility of the eye for aqueous humor. This is consistent with the hypothesis that catecholamines lower the intraocular pressure of the rabbit eye, at least in part, by a cyclic-AMP-mediated mechanism. This mechanism is active in the outflow channels and increases the rate at which aqueous humor leaves the anter...

Discussion. A significant increase in facility of outflow did not occur to account for the decrease in intraocular pressure. We conclude from this experiment that the mechanism of action for the ocular hypotensive effect of timolol is not by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. We believe that it is most likely that timolol decreases the secretion of aqueous humor, and experime...