We describe in this thesis an approach to fill missing values in decision trees during theclassification phase. This approach is derived from the ordered attribute trees (OAT) method,proposed by Lobo and Numao in 2000, which builds a decision tree for each attribute and usesthese trees to fill the missing attribute values. It is based on the Mutual Information between theattribu...

This paper studies infinite unordered d-ary trees with nodes labeled by {0, 1}. We introduce the notions of rational and Sturmian trees along with the definitions of (strongly) balanced trees and mechanical trees, and study the relations among them. In particular, we show that (strongly) balanced trees exist and coincide with mechanical trees in the irrational case, providing an effective const...

This study investigates whether children's production and recognition of obligatory liaison sequences in French depend on the singular/plural orientation of nouns. Certain nouns occur more frequently in the plural (e.g., arbre "tree"), whereas others are found more often in the singular (e.g., arc-en-ciel "rainbow"). In the input, children more frequently encounter these plural-oriented nouns a...

The multiplihedra · = (Mn)n≥1 form a family of polytopes originating in the study of higher categories and homotopy theory. While the multiplihedra may be unfamiliar to the algebraic combinatorics community, it is nestled between two families of polytopes that certainly are not: the permutahedra · and associahedra Y·. The maps · ։ · ։ · reveal several new Hopf structures on tree-like objects ne...

Dans les écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux, humains utilisent de longue date espèces végétales utiles, sources nourriture, fibre, combustible ou médication. Parmi ces produits non ligneux, certains d'entre eux ont progressivement été mis en culture, posant des questions tant sur impacts évolutifs interactions entre plantes et hommes que la durabilité modes gestion actuels ressources. C'est le ca...

Au Cameroun, les Loranthaceae ont été signalées dans quelques bassins de production du cacao. Cette étude a menée le but caractériser parasitisme des cacaoyers la localité Tombel, au Sud-Ouest Cameroun. Les observations porté sur arbres âgés 8 à 10 ans, et une superficie 7500 m². Sur chaque pied cacaoyer, données suivantes collectées notés : circonférence 1,30 m sol , hauteur, nombre branches, ...

With emphasis on the graph structure of energy-based models devoted to image analysis, we investigate eecient procedures for sampling and inferring. We show that triangulated graphs, whom trees are simple instances of, always support causal models for which noniterative procedures can be devised to minimize the energy, to extract probabilistic descriptions, to sample from corresponding prior an...

We introduce a new causal hierarchical belief network for image segmentation. Contrary to classical tree structured (or pyramidal) models, the factor graph of the network contains cycles. Each level of the hierarchical structure features the same number of sites as the base level and each site on a given level has several neighbors on the parent level. Compared to tree structured models, the (s...

Dans le projet g~n~ral de Z. S. Harris (1968), nous avons ~ la base un ensemble K de phrases ~l~mentaires (les phrases noyaux) et un ensemble O, d~fini pour chaque langue naturelle, d'op~rateurs, de base. Une phrase est alors caract~ris~e par une unique d~composition (repr~sent~e par un treillis) obtenue par un produit des op6rateurs de base et des phrases ~l~mentaires de K. Ce qui caractSrise ...