The molten iron allocation problem (MIAP) is to allocate molten iron from blast furnaces to steel-making furnaces. The allocation needs to observe the release times of the molten iron defined by the draining plan of the blast furnaces and the transport time between the iron-making and steel-making stages. Time window constraints for processing the molten iron must be satisfied to avoid freezing...

Abstract Producing high-silicon alloys in submerged arc furnaces (SAF) involves the generation of an intermediate process gas, consisting silicon monoxide (SiO) and carbon (CO). Combustion gas from taphole can be environmental challenge. SiO burns to fine 2 particles which cause poor working conditions fugitive particulate matter emissions. The high combustion energy CO is a source heat load. I...

We present absolute geomagnetic intensities from iron smelting furnaces discovered at the metallurgical site of Korsimoro, Burkina Faso. Up to now, archaeologists recognized four different types of furnaces based on different construction methods, which were related to four subsequent time periods. Additionally, radiocarbon ages obtained from charcoal confine the studied furnaces to ages rangin...

The low-pressure heat treatment of metals enables the continuous improvement mechanical and plastic properties products, such as hardness, abrasion resistance, etc. A significant problem related to operation vacuum furnaces for is that they become unsealed during operation, resulting from degradation seals or thermal expansion construction materials. Therefore, research was undertaken develop a...

The actual problem of mineral resources depletion in ferrous metallurgy can be effectively solved by complex reuse technogenic waste. That waste is mostly presented EAF (electric arc furnace) slag and LF (ladle slag. These two kinds have no full utilization. residues are going to the dump then locations pollute environment. However, transformed into valuable industrial product interaction compo...

The non-linear loads include rectifiers, blenders, electric drills, UPS, computer, printer, TV’s, variable speed drivers, arc furnaces and high power electronic equipment comprising high power semiconductors i.e thyristorised Converters, Inverters etc. It is well known that any deviation from a perfect sin-wave is an indication of the presence of harmonics in the power system. Hence, a pure alt...