This paper examines to what extent financial development contributes to output expansion in Malaysia, during the period 1960-2003. An augmented neoclassical growth framework is adopted to provide an evaluation of the impact of financial sector development on economic development. Using the recently developed ARDL bounds procedure, the results show that aggregate output and its determinants are ...

In the light of previous literature fertility determines different economic, social and program inputs variables. The main object of this study to investigate the impact of sector specific (health and education) foreign aid on fertility in case of Pakistan. For empirical investigation Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) is used over the period of 1973-2012. The results of the study sho...

Principal component analysis (PCA) is commonly used to compute a bounding box of a point set in R. The popularity of this heuristic lies in its speed, easy implementation and in the fact that usually, PCA bounding boxes quite well approximate the minimumvolume bounding boxes. We present examples of discrete points sets in the plane, showing that the worst case ratio of the volume of the PCA bou...

Agriculture, Food security, Climate change, and food import are vital components of an economy. This article empirically explored the long-run short-run impact these variables on economic development Bangladesh by employing ARDL model over period from 1971 to 2020. The outcome F-bounds test confirmed existence a no relationship among examined, hence, appropriate is ARDL. study then analysed agr...

This study investigates the impact of energy consumption on environmental pollution in Australia using time series data from 1971 to 2015. Gross domestic product (GDP), total population (TP), and financial development (FD) are included as control variables. In achieving objective, this employ unit root test, cointegration autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) long-run short-run methodology exam...