Simultaneous measurements of the curves for wear versus distance, wear rate versus distance, and coefficient of friction versus distance were performed in situ to distinguish the transition from severe running-in wear to mild wear. The effects of the initial surface roughness on the severe running-in wear volume were investigated. Disk-on-plate friction and wear tests were carried out with SUS3...

A physically realistic roughness closure method for the simulation of turbulent open-channel flow over natural beds within the framework of large-eddy simulation LES is proposed. The description of bed roughness in LES is accomplished through a roughness geometry function together with forcing terms in the momentum equations. The major benefit of this method is that the roughness is generated f...

The nonlinear solvers in numerical solution of water flow in variably saturated soils are prone to convergence difficulties. Many aspects can give rise to such difficulties, like very dry initial conditions, a steep pressure gradient and great variation of hydraulic conductivity occur across the wetting front during the infiltration of water.  So, the averaging method applied to compute hydraul...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral microorganism on surface topography of acrylic resin denture base material. Materials and methods: Fifty rectangular plates of dimensions 30mm x 20mm x 1 mm were fabricated with heat polymerizing acrylic resin denture base material. an area of 10mm x 10 mm in the center of each acrylic plate was marked for evaluation of surface t...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of esterification via acetic or propionic anhydride on the surface roughness of eastern cottonwood. Eastern cottonwood (Populous deltoides) was esterified by using acetic or propionic anhydride without using any solvent or catalyst under different conditions. Two different weight percentage gains (WPGs) were obtained for each of the modifying ...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyze surface changes of three silicone-hydrogel contact lenses after daily wear. The lenses used in this study were balafilcon A, lotrafilcon B (both surface-treated), and galyfilcon A (non surface-treated). METHODS To understand how and where proteins, lipids, and other contaminants change contact lenses, surface roughness was assessed through Atomic F...

Hypothetical neural codes underlying the sensation of tactile roughness were investigated in a combined psychophysical and neurophysiological study. The stimulus set consisted of plastic surfaces embossed with dot arrays of varying dot diameter and center-to-center spacing. Human subjects explored each surface with the pad of the index finger and reported their subjective sense of roughness mag...

BACKGROUND The objective was to perform a comparative analysis of the effect of acid etching on enamel roughness between pumiced and non-pumiced teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample was composed of 32 dental surfaces divided into two groups: Group 1-16 surfaces having received pumice prophylaxis; and Group 2-16 surfaces not having received pumice prophylaxis. The teeth were kept in saline ...