In Libya’s fragmented military landscape, Khalifa Haftar’s Libyan Arab Armed Forces stands out as the only armed group that concentrated power over entire regions. The interplay of relative and social cleavages conditioned choices consolidation strategies. As Haftar grew stronger, he progressively moved from cooperative competitive approaches toward coercion. Social wrought by conflict – oppose...

The purpose of this paper is to present the first results obtained in the development of a service-oriented C4I architecture for the Netherlands Armed Forces. New developments in military operations, such as NEC and EBO, call for higher levels of interoperability, both within the Netherlands Armed Forces and with its partners. Present-day missions of Dutch forces in Iraq and Afghanistan involve...